{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T08:43:20Z","timestamp":1792313000609,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Pectobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            species are enterobacterial plant-pathogenic bacteria that cause soft rot disease in diverse plant species. Previous epidemiological studies of\n            <jats:italic>Pectobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            species have suffered from an inability to identify most isolates to the species or subspecies level. We used three previously described DNA-based methods, 16S-23S intergenic transcribed spacer PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, to examine isolates from diseased stems and tubers and found that MLSA provided the most reliable classification of isolates. We found that strains belonging to at least two\n            <jats:italic>Pectobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            clades were present in each field examined, although representatives of only three of five\n            <jats:italic>Pectobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            clades were isolated. Hypersensitive response and DNA hybridization assays revealed that strains of both\n            <jats:italic>Pectobacterium carotovorum<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Pectobacterium wasabiae<\/jats:italic>\n            lack a type III secretion system (T3SS). Two of the T3SS-deficient strains assayed lack genes adjacent to the T3SS gene cluster, suggesting that multiple deletions occurred in\n            <jats:italic>Pectobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            strains in this locus, and all strains appear to have only six rRNA operons instead of the seven operons typically found in\n            <jats:italic>Pectobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            strains. The virulence of most of the T3SS-deficient strains was similar to that of T3SS-encoding strains in stems and tubers.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01336-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,2]],"date-time":"2009-05-02T00:33:48Z","timestamp":1241224428000},"page":"4539-4549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Phylogeny and Virulence of Naturally Occurring Type III Secretion System-Deficient\n            <i>Pectobacterium<\/i>\n            Strains"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Hye-Sook","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole T.","family":"Perna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy O.","family":"Charkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.4.1499-1508.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-7-0573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402424101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"522","volume":"43","year":"1953","unstructured":"Burkholder, W. 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