{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:49:41Z","timestamp":1791118181230,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            To better characterize\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            in the Potomac River watershed, a PCR-based genotyping tool was used to analyze 64 base flow and 28 storm flow samples from five sites in the watershed. These sites included two water treatment plant intakes, as well as three upstream sites, each associated with a different type of land use. The uses, including urban wastewater, agricultural (cattle) wastewater, and wildlife, posed different risks in terms of the potential contribution of\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            oocysts to the source water.\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            was detected in 27 base flow water samples and 23 storm flow water samples. The most frequently detected species was\n            <jats:italic>C. andersoni<\/jats:italic>\n            (detected in 41 samples), while 14 other species or genotypes, almost all wildlife associated, were occasionally detected. The two common human-pathogenic species,\n            <jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            , were not detected. Although\n            <jats:italic>C. andersoni<\/jats:italic>\n            was common at all four sites influenced by agriculture, it was largely absent at the urban wastewater site. There were very few positive samples as determined by Environmental Protection Agency method 1623 at any site; only 8 of 90 samples analyzed (9%) were positive for\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            as determined by microscopy. The genotyping results suggest that many of the\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            oocysts in the water treatment plant source waters were from old calves and adult cattle and might not pose a significant risk to human health.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01345-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,6]],"date-time":"2008-09-06T00:55:43Z","timestamp":1220662543000},"page":"6495-6504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["<i>Cryptosporidium<\/i>\n            Source Tracking in the Potomac River Watershed"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Wenli","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Plato","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, Laurel, Maryland 20705"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric N.","family":"Villegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 452683"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald B.","family":"Landy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPA Region III, Fort Meade, Maryland 20755"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Kanetsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPA Region III, Fort Meade, Maryland 20755"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaliano","family":"Cama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and 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