{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:03:38Z","timestamp":1791237818313,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,15]],"date-time":"2015-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Manure from swine treated with antimicrobials as feed additives is a major source for the expansion of the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) reservoir in the environment. Vermicomposting via housefly larvae (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Musca domestica<\/jats:named-content>\n            ) can be efficiently used to treat manure and regenerate biofertilizer, but few studies have investigated its effect on ARG attenuation. Here, we tracked the abundances of 9 ARGs and the composition and structure of the bacterial communities in manure samples across 6 days of full-scale manure vermicomposting. On day 6, the abundances of genes encoding tetracycline resistance [\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (M),\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (O),\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (Q), and\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (W)] were reduced (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05), while those of genes encoding sulfonamide resistance (\n            <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>sul2<\/jats:italic>\n            ) were increased (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05) when normalized to 16S rRNA. The abundances of tetracycline resistance genes were correlated (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05) with the changing concentrations of tetracyclines in the manure. The overall diversity and richness of the bacteria significantly decreased during vermicomposting, accompanied by a 100 times increase in the relative abundance of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Flavobacteriaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp. Variations in the abundances of ARGs were correlated with the changing microbial community structure and the relative abundances of the family\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , class\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacilli<\/jats:named-content>\n            , or phylum\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Proteobacteria<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Vermicomposting, as a waste management practice, can reduce the overall abundance of ARGs. More research is warranted to assess the use of this waste management practice as a measure to attenuate the dissemination of antimicrobial residues and ARGs from livestock production before vermicompost can be safely used as biofertilizer in agroecosystems.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01367-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,22]],"date-time":"2015-08-22T02:35:30Z","timestamp":1440210930000},"page":"7668-7679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Housefly Larva Vermicomposting Efficiently Attenuates Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Swine Manure, with Concomitant Bacterial Population Changes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Hang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"},{"name":"National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack A.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"},{"name":"Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology, Zhejiang Forestry Academy, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longhua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology, Zhejiang Forestry Academy, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiansheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"},{"name":"The Tongxiang First High School, Tongxiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxiang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"},{"name":"China Academy of West Region Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.336.6083.795"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es060413l"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2013.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222743110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(98)00444-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X12469431"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032798"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.05.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06844"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2013.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es1007802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2007.0399"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es1029206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01087-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00665-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","volume-title":"Agro-chemical analysis of soil","author":"Bao S","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bao S. 2000. 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