{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:55:41Z","timestamp":1790776541315,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["USRA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["USRA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20230069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004489","name":"Mitacs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Accelerate Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Accelerate Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004489","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      integrates into multi-species biofilms and persists in food processing facilities. Its persistence depends on the composition of the microbial communities, but those species that accommodate\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      , or not, remain to be identified. Moreover, the decision-making on biofilm vs pellicle formation in microbial communities remains poorly understood. It was the aim of this study to identify communities that accommodate\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                      , or not, and to observe biofilm vs pellicle formation in multi-species biofilms. We quantified\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      in six reconstituted communities, each consisting of 5\u201319 strains. A 15-member community was simplified into five species to quantify\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      in all 31 combinations of these five strains.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Janthinobacterium tructae<\/jats:italic>\n                      favored pellicle formation, while\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas shahriarae<\/jats:italic>\n                      convinced others to join a surface-attached biofilm. In the six microbial communities, cell counts of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      were lowest when\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Carnobacterium maltaromaticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      was also present. The antagonistic effect of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. maltaromaticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      was confirmed when analyzing all combinations of five strains. The presence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. maltaromaticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      reduced cell counts of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      by about 1 log CFU\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Serratia liquefaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                      also antagonized\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      , but this was observed (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) only in the absence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. maltaromaticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Genome analyses of the community identified close to 100 different quorum-sensing systems, including peptides that are also bactericidal against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      . We conclude that the language used to describe human social interactions is also suited to describe microbial interactions in multi-species biofilm communities, but unraveling mechanisms of communication among biofilm-embedded bacteria remains subject to future studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Microbial communication in relation to biofilm vs pellicle formation and on whether to accommodate\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Listeria monocytogene<\/jats:italic>\n                      s or not partially converge with quorum-sensing systems as a key mechanism. Two organisms,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Carnobacterium maltaromaticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Serratia liquefaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                      , antagonized\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Microbial interactions are strongly dependent on the complexity of the microbial community, and different behaviors were observed in biofilms formed by 2, 5, or 15 strains. Results presented in this study document that the use of protective cultures may also reduce persistence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                      in food processing facilities but are far from providing an understanding of communication and social rules in complex bacterial communities. The novel perspective on microbial interactions may direct future experiments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01386-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:01:37Z","timestamp":1790773297000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Welcome to the house-warming party: social interactions and antagonism against\n                    <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>\n                    in multi-species biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3917-8956","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yatong C.","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0160cpw27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranine","family":"El-Jurdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0160cpw27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuen Ying","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0160cpw27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghe M.","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0160cpw27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5355-8815","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhaohui S.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0160cpw27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0972-928X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael G.","family":"G\u00e4nzle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0160cpw27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70870-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.4.2.169"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada. 2024. 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