{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T16:10:17Z","timestamp":1784909417822,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]],"date-time":"2015-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cronobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp. (formerly defined as\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Enterobacter sakazakii<\/jats:named-content>\n            ) are opportunistic bacterial pathogens of both infants and adults. In this study, we analyzed 70\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cronobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates from powdered infant formula (PIF) and an infant formula production facility in China to determine possible contamination routes. The strains were profiled by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), PCR-based O-antigen serotyping, and\n            <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic>\n            sequence analyses. The isolates were primarily\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cronobacter sakazakii<\/jats:named-content>\n            (66\/70) or\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cronobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">malonaticus<\/jats:named-content>\n            (4\/70). The strains were divided into 38 pulsotypes (PTs) using PFGE and 19 sequence types (STs) by MLST. In contrast,\n            <jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>\n            sequence analyses divided the strains into 10 overlapping clusters each. PCR serotyping of the 66\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. sakazakii<\/jats:named-content>\n            and 4\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. malonaticus<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains resulted in the identification of four\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. sakazakii<\/jats:named-content>\n            serotypes (O1, O2, O4, and O7) and a single\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. malonaticus<\/jats:named-content>\n            serotype, O2. The dominant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. sakazakii<\/jats:named-content>\n            sequence types from PIF and an infant formula production factory in China were\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. sakazakii<\/jats:named-content>\n            clonal complex 4 (CC4) (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 19), ST1 (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 14), and ST64 (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 11).\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. sakazakii<\/jats:named-content>\n            CC4 is a clonal lineage strongly associated with neonatal meningitis. In the process of manufacturing PIF, the spray-drying, fluidized-bed-drying, and packing areas were the main areas with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cronobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            contamination.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. sakazakii<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains with the same pulsotypes (PT3 and PT2) and sequence types (ST1 and ST64) were isolated both from processing equipment and from the PIF finished product.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01390-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,6]],"date-time":"2015-06-06T02:21:38Z","timestamp":1433557298000},"page":"5430-5439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Genotyping and Source Tracking of Cronobacter sakazakii and C. malonaticus Isolates from Powdered Infant Formula and an Infant Formula Production Factory in China"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Fei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoxin","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center of Dairy Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Forsythe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlei","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieting","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China"},{"name":"National Research Center of Dairy Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China"},{"name":"Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009556"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05281.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049455"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-1121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2013.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Epidemiology of Cronobacter spp. isolates from patients admitted to the Olomouc University Hospital (Czech Republic)","volume":"63","author":"Hol\u00fd O","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hol\u00fd O, Petrzelova J, Hanulik V, Chroma M, Matouskova I, Forsythe SJ. 2014. Epidemiology of Cronobacter spp. isolates from patients admitted to the Olomouc University Hospital (Czech Republic). Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 63:69\u201372.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2004.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.032292-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04733.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.17221\/255\/2010-CJFS","article-title":"Isolation of Cronobacter spp. isolates from infant formulas and their survival in the production process of infant formula","volume":"29","author":"Fu S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fu S, Gao J, Li Y, Chen H. 2011. Isolation of Cronobacter spp. isolates from infant formulas and their survival in the production process of infant formula. Czech J Food Sci 29:391\u2013399.","journal-title":"Czech J Food Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1709.110260"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01075-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-67.12.2850"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1757-837X.2011.00104.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00905-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1901.120649"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2012.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-015-1097-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2012.1344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181587864"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2008.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2011.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-14-563"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07825-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00162-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"297","article-title":"Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with the use of powdered infant formula\u2014Tennessee, 2001","volume":"51","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2002","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with the use of powdered infant formula\u2014Tennessee, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 51:297\u2013300.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2013.1657"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00745-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7028"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.01390-15","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.01390-15","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T20:09:38Z","timestamp":1645646978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.01390-15"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"C. A.","family":"Elkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.01390-15"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.01390-15","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-04-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-05-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-07-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}