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Isolates of\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            were tested for susceptibilities to 12 antimicrobial agents by the disk diffusion method. Moreover, the samples were subcultivated on MacConkey agar (MCA) containing cefotaxime (2 mg liter\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            ) to detect\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and subsequently on MCA supplemented with ciprofloxacin (0.05 mg liter\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            ) and MCA with nalidixic acid (20 mg liter\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            ) to isolate fluoroquinolone-resistant\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            . PCR was used to detect specific antibiotic resistance genes. We found 9\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates producing ESBL with\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            genes:\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M-1<\/jats:sub>\n            (6 isolates),\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M-9<\/jats:sub>\n            plus\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>TEM-1b<\/jats:sub>\n            (1 isolate),\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n            plus\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>OXA-1<\/jats:sub>\n            (1 isolate), and\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>SHV-12<\/jats:sub>\n            (1 isolate). In the isolate with\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n            , the gene\n            <jats:italic>aac(6)-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic>\n            was also detected. The\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            genes were harbored by transferable plasmids of the IncN and IncI1 groups. Nine quinolone-resistant\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates with\n            <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic>\n            genes were found and characterized. The gene\n            <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic>\n            was associated with a Tn\n            <jats:italic>3<\/jats:italic>\n            -like transposon on the IncX1 plasmid together with\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n            in two isolates. The gene\n            <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic>\n            was also harbored by conjugative plasmids of the IncN and IncX2 groups. Even if populations of wild birds are not directly influenced by antibiotic practice, we have demonstrated that antibiotic-resistant\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            strains, including strains with various ESBL and\n            <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic>\n            genes, are found in the feces of wild birds on the coast of the Baltic Sea in Poland.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01446-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,16]],"date-time":"2010-10-16T03:11:41Z","timestamp":1287198701000},"page":"8126-8134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Antibiotic-Resistant\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            Bacteria, Including Strains with Genes Encoding the Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and QnrS, in Waterbirds on the Baltic Sea Coast of Poland"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Ivan","family":"Literak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Dolejska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Janoszowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolana","family":"Hrusakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wlodzimierz","family":"Meissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Gdansk University, Al. 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