{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:34:31Z","timestamp":1790426071676,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 98 suspected food-borne<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:named-content>isolates obtained from a nationwide survey by the Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority in The Netherlands, 59 strains were identified as<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. perfringens<\/jats:named-content>type A. Using PCR-based techniques, the<jats:italic>cpe<\/jats:italic>gene encoding enterotoxin was detected in eight isolates, showing a chromosomal location for seven isolates and a plasmid location for one isolate. Further characterization of these strains by using (GTG)<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>fingerprint repetitive sequence-based PCR analysis distinguished<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. perfringens<\/jats:named-content>from other sulfite-reducing clostridia but did not allow for differentiation between various types of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. perfringens<\/jats:named-content>strains. To characterize the<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. perfringens<\/jats:named-content>strains further, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis was performed on eight housekeeping genes of both enterotoxic and non-<jats:italic>cpe<\/jats:italic>isolates, and the data were combined with a previous global survey covering strains associated with food poisoning, gas gangrene, and isolates from food or healthy individuals. This revealed that the chromosomal<jats:italic>cpe<\/jats:italic>strains (food strains and isolates from food poisoning cases) belong to a distinct cluster that is significantly distant from all the other<jats:italic>cpe<\/jats:italic>plasmid-carrying and<jats:italic>cpe<\/jats:italic>-negative strains. These results suggest that different groups of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. perfringens<\/jats:named-content>have undergone niche specialization and that a distinct group of food isolates has specific core genome sequences. Such findings have epidemiological and evolutionary significance. Better understanding of the origin and reservoir of enterotoxic<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. perfringens<\/jats:named-content>may allow for improved control of this organism in foods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01486-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,4]],"date-time":"2012-08-04T04:24:53Z","timestamp":1344054293000},"page":"7060-7068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["A Wide Variety of Clostridium perfringens Type A Food-Borne Isolates That Carry a Chromosomal<i>cpe<\/i>Gene Belong to One Multilocus Sequence Typing Cluster"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Yinghua","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NIZO Food Research, Ede, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Wageningen University and Research Center, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjen","family":"Wagendorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIZO Food Research, Ede, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Moezelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tjakko","family":"Abee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Wageningen University and Research Center, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjon H. J.","family":"Wells-Bennik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIZO Food Research, Ede, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1605(95)00053-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards on a request from the Commision related to Clostridium spp. in foodstuffs","volume":"199","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2005. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards on a request from the Commision related to Clostridium spp. in foodstuffs. EFSA J.199: 1\u2013 65.","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards on Bacillus cereus and other Bacillus spp. in foodstuffs","volume":"175","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2005. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards on Bacillus cereus and other Bacillus spp. in foodstuffs. EFSA J.175: 1\u2013 48.","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(03)00126-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01548-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.11.7542-7547.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.6.1545-1549.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005598"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(03)00069-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-65.9.1457"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/am.16.1.82-89.1968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10921.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.52.3.407-412.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2007.0066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"2006","volume-title":"Disease burden and costs of selected foodborne pathogens in the Netherlands","author":"Haagsma J","year":"2009","unstructured":"HaagsmaJ. 2009. Disease burden and costs of selected foodborne pathogens in the Netherlands, 2006. Report 330331001RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01839-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1211.060478"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01884-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bjm.v24i1.1229"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09487.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","volume-title":"ISO 7937. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs: horizontal method for the enumeration of Clostridium perfrignens; colony count technique","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2004","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization. 2004. ISO 7937. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs: horizontal method for the enumeration of Clostridium perfrignens; colony count technique. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-595"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01650-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01911-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00177-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01075-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2010.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-30744-3_22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"423","volume-title":"Food microbiology","author":"McClane BA","year":"2007","unstructured":"McClaneBA. 2007. Clostridium perfringens, p 423\u2013 444. In DoyleMPBeuchatLR (ed), Food microbiology, 3rd ed. ASM Press, Washington, DC.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"703","volume-title":"Gram-positive pathogens","author":"McClane BA","year":"2006","unstructured":"McClaneBALyerlyDMWilkinsTD. 2006. Enterotoxic clostridia: Clostridium perfringens type A and Clostridium difficile, p 703\u2013714. InFischettiVA (ed), Gram-positive pathogens, 2nd ed. ASM Press, Washington, DC.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.8.4261-4272.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.4.1552-1558.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020376"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.5238106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2009.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(98)01430-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","volume-title":"21st Eur. Congr. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.\/27th Int. Congr. Chemother., Milan, Italy","author":"Pot B","year":"2011","unstructured":"PotB. 2011. Interactive MLST database management using the Bionumerics plug-in, as illustrated on Campylobacter, abstr R2415. 21st Eur. Congr. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.\/27th Int. Congr. Chemother., Milan, Italy. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Clinical Diseases, Basel, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","volume-title":"BAM: Clostridium perfringens","author":"Rhodehamel E","year":"2001","unstructured":"RhodehamelEHarmonS. 2001. BAM: Clostridium perfringens. US FDA, Rockville, MD. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Food\/ScienceResearch\/LaboratoryMethods\/BacteriologicalAnalyticalManualBAM\/ucm070878."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.52.1.333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.8.3234-3240.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10254-004-0036-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.12.6914-6923.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.9.2.216"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2005.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2007.68","article-title":"Genotyping of Clostridium perfringens isolates collected from food poisoning outbreaks and healthy individuals in Japan based on the cpe locus","volume":"60","author":"Tanaka D","year":"2007","unstructured":"TanakaD. 2007. Genotyping of Clostridium perfringens isolates collected from food poisoning outbreaks and healthy individuals in Japan based on the cpe locus. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis.60: 68\u2013 69.","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"DNA fingerprinting of pathogenic bacteria by fluorophore-enhanced repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction","volume":"119","author":"Versalovic J","year":"1995","unstructured":"VersalovicJ. 1995. DNA fingerprinting of pathogenic bacteria by fluorophore-enhanced repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.119: 23\u2013 29.","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcpr.1994.1018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","volume-title":"Clostridium perfringens associated food borne disease. Report 330371005","author":"Wijnands LM","year":"2011","unstructured":"WijnandsLMvan der Mey-FlorijnADelfgou-van AschE. 2011. Clostridium perfringens associated food borne disease. Report 330371005. RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2010.03.016"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.01486-12","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.01486-12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]],"date-time":"2024-04-28T05:14:30Z","timestamp":1714281270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.01486-12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.01486-12"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.01486-12","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-05-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-07-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-09-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}