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The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of occurrence among three opportunistic pathogens (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            ) relative to biotic and abiotic factors in two representative chloraminated drinking water distribution systems using culture-independent methods. Generally, a high occurrence of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Legionella<\/jats:named-content>\n            (\u226569.0%) and mycobacteria (100%), lower occurrence of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. pneumophila<\/jats:named-content>\n            (\u226420%) and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. avium<\/jats:named-content>\n            (\u226433.3%), and rare detection of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            (\u226413.3%) were observed in both systems according to quantitative PCR. Also,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Hartmanella vermiformis<\/jats:named-content>\n            was more prevalent than\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Acanthamoeba<\/jats:named-content>\n            , both of which are known hosts for opportunistic pathogen amplification, the latter itself containing pathogenic members. Three-minute flushing served to distinguish distribution system water from plumbing in buildings (i.e., premise plumbing water) and resulted in reduced numbers of copies of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Legionella<\/jats:named-content>\n            , mycobacteria,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. vermiformis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and 16S rRNA genes (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05) while yielding distinct terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP) profiles of 16S rRNA genes. Within certain subgroups of samples, some positive correlations, including correlations of numbers of mycobacteria and total bacteria (16S rRNA genes),\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. vermiformis<\/jats:named-content>\n            and total bacteria, mycobacteria and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. vermiformis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Legionella<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. vermiformis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , were noted, emphasizing potential microbial ecological relationships. Overall, the results provide insight into factors that may aid in controlling opportunistic pathogen proliferation in real-world water systems.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01492-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,30]],"date-time":"2012-06-30T03:07:40Z","timestamp":1341025660000},"page":"6285-6294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":251,"title":["Molecular Survey of the Occurrence of Legionella spp., Mycobacterium spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Amoeba Hosts in Two Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution Systems"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Via Department of Civil &amp; Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Via Department of Civil &amp; Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Joseph O.","family":"Falkinham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Pruden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Via Department of Civil &amp; Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03075-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater","author":"American Public Health Association (APHA)","year":"1998","unstructured":"American Public Health Association (APHA). 1998. 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