{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T02:21:17Z","timestamp":1774664477635,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,15]],"date-time":"2009-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1245024000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Information on anaerobic phenol metabolism by physiological groups of bacteria other than nitrate reducers is scarce. We investigated phenol degradation in the strictly anaerobic iron-reducing deltaproteobacterium\n            <jats:italic>Geobacter metallireducens<\/jats:italic>\n            GS-15 using metabolite, transcriptome, proteome, and enzyme analyses. The results showed that the initial steps of phenol degradation are accomplished by phenylphosphate synthase (encoded by\n            <jats:italic>pps<\/jats:italic>\n            genes) and phenylphosphate carboxylase (encoded by\n            <jats:italic>ppc<\/jats:italic>\n            genes) as known from\n            <jats:italic>Thauera aromatica<\/jats:italic>\n            , but they also revealed some distinct differences. The\n            <jats:italic>pps<\/jats:italic>\n            -\n            <jats:italic>ppc<\/jats:italic>\n            gene cluster identified in the genome is functional, as shown by transcription analysis. In contrast to\n            <jats:italic>T. aromatica<\/jats:italic>\n            , transcription of the\n            <jats:italic>pps-<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>ppc<\/jats:italic>\n            -like genes was induced not only during growth on phenol, but also during growth on benzoate. In contrast, proteins were detected only during growth on phenol, suggesting the existence of a posttranscriptional regulation mechanism for these initial steps. Phenylphosphate synthase and phenylphosphate carboxylase activities were detected in cell extracts. The carboxylase does not catalyze an isotope exchange reaction between\n            <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n            CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            and 4-hydroxybenzoate, which is characteristic of the\n            <jats:italic>T. aromatica<\/jats:italic>\n            enzyme. Whereas the enzyme of\n            <jats:italic>T. aromatica<\/jats:italic>\n            is encoded by\n            <jats:italic>ppcABCD<\/jats:italic>\n            , the\n            <jats:italic>pps<\/jats:italic>\n            -\n            <jats:italic>ppc<\/jats:italic>\n            gene cluster of\n            <jats:italic>G. metallireducens<\/jats:italic>\n            contains only a\n            <jats:italic>ppcB<\/jats:italic>\n            homologue. Nearby, but oriented in the opposite direction, is a\n            <jats:italic>ppcD<\/jats:italic>\n            homologue that is transcribed during growth on phenol. Genome analysis did not reveal obvious homologues of\n            <jats:italic>ppcA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>ppcC<\/jats:italic>\n            , leaving open the question of whether these genes are dispensable for phenylphosphate carboxylase activity in\n            <jats:italic>G. metallireducens<\/jats:italic>\n            or are quite different from the\n            <jats:italic>Thauera<\/jats:italic>\n            counterparts and located elsewhere in the genome.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01525-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,18]],"date-time":"2009-04-18T01:10:17Z","timestamp":1240017017000},"page":"3912-3919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Phenol Degradation in the Strictly Anaerobic Iron-Reducing Bacterium\n            <i>Geobacter metallireducens<\/i>\n            GS-15"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Schleinitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Microbiology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sirko","family":"Schmeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikrobiologie, Fakulta\u0308t Biologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universita\u0308t, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Jehmlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Proteomics"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"von Bergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Proteomics"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hauke","family":"Harms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Microbiology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Kleinsteuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Microbiology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, UFZ\u2014Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikrobiologie, Fakulta\u0308t Biologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universita\u0308t, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.6.2138-2144.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(98)01293-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-9-2883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17794.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2005.115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17795.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1998.2510916.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.20.5849-5863.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"156","volume":"162","year":"1987","unstructured":"Chomczynski, P., and N. 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