{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:08:16Z","timestamp":1790834896280,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,15]],"date-time":"2013-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Methylmercury (MeHg), a neurotoxic substance that accumulates in aquatic food chains and poses a risk to human health, is synthesized by anaerobic microorganisms in the environment. To date, mercury (Hg) methylation has been attributed to sulfate- and iron-reducing bacteria (SRB and IRB, respectively). Here we report that a methanogen,\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Methanospirillum hungatei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    JF-1, methylated Hg in a sulfide-free medium at comparable rates, but with higher yields, than those observed for some SRB and IRB. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the concatenated orthologs of the Hg methylation proteins HgcA and HgcB from\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. hungatei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    are closely related to those from known SRB and IRB methylators and that they cluster together with proteins from eight other methanogens, suggesting that these methanogens may also methylate Hg. Because all nine methanogens with HgcA and HgcB orthologs belong to the class\n                    <jats:italic>Methanomicrobia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , constituting the late-evolving methanogenic lineage, methanogenic Hg methylation could not be considered an ancient metabolic trait. Our results identify methanogens as a new guild of Hg-methylating microbes with a potentially important role in mineral-poor (sulfate- and iron-limited) anoxic freshwater environments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01556-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,9]],"date-time":"2013-08-09T21:33:13Z","timestamp":1376083993000},"page":"6325-6330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Mercury Methylation by the Methanogen Methanospirillum hungatei"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Ri-Qing","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Reinfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Hines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamar","family":"Barkay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1em10448a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Environmental chemistry and toxicology of mercury","author":"Lin C-C","year":"2012","unstructured":"LinC-CYeeNBarkayT. 2012. Microbial transformations in the mercury cycle, p 155\u2013191. In LiuGCaiYO'DriscollN (ed), Environmental chemistry and toxicology of mercury. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.50.2.498-502.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.1.457-464.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01602-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es2033718"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/220173a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00406313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"172","article-title":"Request for an opinion: replacement of the type strain of Methanobacterium formicicum and reinstatement of Methanobacterium bryantii sp. nov","volume":"37","author":"Boone DR","year":"1987","unstructured":"BooneDR. 1987. Request for an opinion: replacement of the type strain of Methanobacterium formicicum and reinstatement of Methanobacterium bryantii sp. nov. nom. rev. (ex Balch and Wolfe, 1981) with M.o.H. (DSM 863) as the type strain. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 37:172\u2013173.","journal-title":"nom. rev. (ex Balch and Wolfe, 1981) with M.o.H. (DSM 863) as the type strain. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.6.1987-1990.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es2010072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230667"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-4669.2009.00190.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1693(03)00442-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2010.02260.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2008.0248"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"3353","volume-title":"The Prokaryotes","author":"Widdel F","year":"1992","unstructured":"WiddelFBakF. 1992. Gram-negative mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria, p 3353\u20133378. In BalowsATruperHGDworkinMHarderWSchleiferKH (ed), The Prokaryotes. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02993-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.11.5741-5745.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","volume-title":"Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, Engineering and Analysis Division","author":"U.S. EPA","year":"2001","unstructured":"U.S. EPA. January 2001. Method 1630: methyl mercury in water by distillation, aqueous ethylation, purge and trap, and CVAFS. EPA-821-R-01-020. Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, Engineering and Analysis Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","volume-title":"Examination of metabolic and regulatory networks of Desulfovibrio species. Ph.D. dissertation","author":"Hemme CL","year":"2004","unstructured":"HemmeCL. 2004. Examination of metabolic and regulatory networks of Desulfovibrio species. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Missouri, Columbia, MO."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr1065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki866"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01490450802599227"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm404"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005797"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2011.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syq010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","first-page":"65","volume-title":"PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package), version 3","author":"Felsenstein J","year":"2005","unstructured":"FelsensteinJ. 2005. PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package), version 3.65. 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American Chemical Society, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.9.5414-5422.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.11.4072-4077.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.4.1342-1346.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235591"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.3.1013-1017.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5430.1033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2006.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.54.5.1151-1157.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206632109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/440878a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es00035a029"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.01556-13","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.01556-13","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T14:51:26Z","timestamp":1645627886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.01556-13"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,15]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.01556-13"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.01556-13","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-05-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-08-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-09-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}