{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:53:08Z","timestamp":1791615188912,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:named-content>\n            is the principal vector of Lyme disease on the East Coast and in the upper Midwest regions of the United States, yet the tick is also present in the Southeast, where Lyme disease is absent or rare. A closely related species,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. affinis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , also carries the pathogen in the South but does not seem to transmit it to humans. In order to better understand the geographic diversity of the tick, we analyzed the microbiota of 104 adult\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. scapularis<\/jats:named-content>\n            and 13 adult\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. affinis<\/jats:named-content>\n            ticks captured in 19 locations in South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Connecticut, and New York. Initially, ticks from 4 sites were analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing. Subsequently, ticks from these sites plus 15 others were analyzed by sequencing with an Illumina MiSeq machine. By both analyses, the microbiomes of female ticks were significantly less diverse than those of male ticks. The dissimilarity between tick microbiomes increased with distance between sites, and the state in which a tick was collected could be inferred from its microbiota. The genus\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Rickettsia<\/jats:named-content>\n            was prominent in all locations.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia<\/jats:named-content>\n            was also present in most locations and was present at especially high levels in one site in western Virginia. In contrast, members of the family\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            were very common in North Carolina\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. scapularis<\/jats:named-content>\n            ticks but uncommon in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. scapularis<\/jats:named-content>\n            ticks from other sites and in North Carolina\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. affinis<\/jats:named-content>\n            ticks. These data suggest substantial variations in the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ixodes<\/jats:named-content>\n            microbiota in association with geography, species, and sex.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01562-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]],"date-time":"2015-07-07T02:50:27Z","timestamp":1436237427000},"page":"6200-6209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":198,"title":["Variation in the Microbiota of Ixodes Ticks with Regard to Geography, Species, and Sex"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Will","family":"Van Treuren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loganathan","family":"Ponnusamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Jory","family":"Brinkerhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA, and School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermartizburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian M.","family":"Parobek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan J.","family":"Juliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore G.","family":"Andreadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Falco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health, Louis Calder Center, Armonk, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenza Beati","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Hathaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Keeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Emch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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