{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:49:41Z","timestamp":1791118181283,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium hominis<\/jats:italic>\n            are two related species of apicomplexan protozoa responsible for the majority of human cases of cryptosporidiosis. In spite of their considerable public health impact, little is known about the population structures of these species. In this study, a battery of\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates from seven countries was genotyped using a nine-locus DNA subtyping scheme. To assess the existence of geographical partitions, the multilocus genotype data were mined using a cluster analysis based on the nearest-neighbor principle. Within each country, the population genetic structures were explored by combining diversity statistical tests, linkage disequilibrium, and eBURST analysis. For both parasite species, a quasi-complete phylogenetic segregation was observed among the countries. Cluster analysis accurately identified recently introduced isolates. Rather than conforming to a strict paradigm of either a clonal or a panmictic population structure, data are consistent with a flexible reproductive strategy characterized by the cooccurrence of both propagation patterns. The relative contribution of each pattern appears to vary between the regions, perhaps dependent on the prevailing ecological determinants of transmission.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01576-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,4]],"date-time":"2008-10-04T01:09:42Z","timestamp":1223082582000},"page":"7227-7234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Inferences about the Global Population Structures of\n            <i>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>Cryptosporidium hominis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Sultan","family":"Tanr\u0131verdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Grinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massey University, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Palmerston North, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Kingdom Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, NPHS Microbiology Swansea, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zorana","family":"Petrovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna E.","family":"Akiyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"London","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linghui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saul","family":"Tzipori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James K.","family":"Tumwine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University Medical School and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Widmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.10.5670-5675.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099005508"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00233-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5167-5175.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1403.071320"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1967.1053964"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.12.5581-5584.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"331","volume":"125","year":"2002","unstructured":"Enemark, H. 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