{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:07:12Z","timestamp":1791317232774,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,15]],"date-time":"2010-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1287100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The importance of established and emerging tick-borne pathogens in Central and Northern Europe is steadily increasing. In 2007, we collected\n            <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n            ticks feeding on birds (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 211) and rodents (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 273), as well as host-seeking stages (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 196), in a habitat in central Germany. In order to find out more about their natural transmission cycles, the ticks were tested for the presence of Lyme disease borreliae,\n            <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            , spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae,\n            <jats:italic>Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n            , and babesiae. Altogether, 20.1% of the 680 ticks examined carried at least one pathogen. Bird-feeding ticks were more frequently infected with\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. (15.2%) and\n            <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            (3.2%) than rodent-feeding ticks (2.6%; 1.1%) or questing ticks (5.1%; 0%).\n            <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. showed higher prevalence rates in ticks parasitizing birds (13.2%) and host-seeking ticks (10.7%), whereas ticks from small mammals were less frequently infected (6.6%). SFG rickettsiae and\n            <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n            were also found in ticks collected off birds (2.1%; 1.2%), rodents (1.8%; 1.5%), and vegetation (4.1%; 1.6%). Various combinations of coinfections occurred in 10.9% of all positive ticks, indicating interaction of transmission cycles. Our results suggest that birds not only are important reservoirs for several pathogens but also act as vehicles for infected ticks and might therefore play a key role in the dispersal of tick-borne diseases.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01630-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,21]],"date-time":"2010-08-21T01:10:36Z","timestamp":1282353036000},"page":"6829-6836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Coexistence of Pathogens in Host-Seeking and Feeding Ticks within a Single Natural Habitat in Central Germany"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Franke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Fritzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Laboratories, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Tomaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, National Reference Center for Tularemia, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eberhard","family":"Straube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Laboratories, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Dorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Hildebrandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Laboratories, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-38.4.471"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00035-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0901.020169"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1207.060127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"165","volume":"12","year":"2005","unstructured":"Derd\u00e1kov\u00e1, M., and D. 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