{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:33:51Z","timestamp":1791228831259,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,15]],"date-time":"2010-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1289779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n            produces the emetic toxin cereulide, a cyclic dodecadepsipeptide that can act as a K\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            ionophore, dissipating the transmembrane potential in mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. Because pure cereulide has not been commercially available, cereulide content in food samples has been expressed in valinomycin equivalents, a highly similar cyclic potassium ionophore that is commercially available. This research tested the biological activity of synthetic cereulide and validated its use as a standard in the quantification of cereulide contents in food samples. The synthesis route consists of 10 steps that result in a high yield of synthetic cereulide that showed biological activity in the HEp-2 cell assay and the boar sperm motility assay. The activity is different in both methods, which may be attributed to differences in K\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            content of the test media used. Using cereulide or valinomycin as a standard to quantify cereulide based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), the concentration determined with cereulide as a standard was on average 89.9% of the concentration determined using valinomycin as a standard. The recovery experiments using cereulide-spiked food products and acetonitrile as extraction solute showed that the LC-MS method with cereulide as a standard is a reliable and accurate method to quantify cereulide in food, because the recovery rate was close to 100% over a wide concentration range.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01659-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,2]],"date-time":"2010-10-02T02:45:23Z","timestamp":1285987523000},"page":"7466-7472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Quantification of the Emetic Toxin Cereulide in Food Products by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Using Synthetic Cereulide as a Standard"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth G.","family":"Biesta-Peters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University and Research Centre, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine W.","family":"Reij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University and Research Centre, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard H.","family":"Blaauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiralix B.V., P.O. Box 31070, 6503 CB Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul H.","family":"in \u2032t Veld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Region South, P.O. Box 2168, 5600 CD Eindhoven, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreja","family":"Rajkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department for Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Ehling-Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Zentralinstitut fu\u0308r Erna\u0308hrungs-und Lebensmittelforschung, Technische Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85354 Freising, Germany"},{"name":"Food Microbiology Unit, Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tjakko","family":"Abee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University and Research Centre, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, P.O. 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