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Previous research has suggested that some subtypes of\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium\u2014definitive phage types (DTs) 40, 56 variant, and 160\u2014are host adapted to passerines and that these birds may represent a reservoir of infection for humans and other animals. Here, we have used the whole-genome sequences of 11 isolates from British passerines, five isolates of similar DTs from humans and a domestic cat, and previously published\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium genomes that include similar DTs from other hosts to investigate the phylogenetic relatedness of passerine salmonellae to other\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium isolates and investigate possible genetic features of the distinct disease pathogenesis of\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium in passerines. Our results demonstrate that the 11 passerine isolates and 13 other isolates, including those from nonpasserine hosts, were genetically closely related, with a median pairwise single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference of 130 SNPs. These 24 isolates did not carry antimicrobial resistance genetic determinants or the\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium virulence plasmid. Although our study does not provide evidence of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n                    transmission from passerines to other hosts, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that wild birds represent a potential reservoir of these\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n                    subtypes, and thus, sensible personal hygiene precautions should be taken when feeding or handling garden birds.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n                    Passerine salmonellosis, caused by certain definitive phage types (DTs) of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n                    Typhimurium, has been documented as a cause of wild passerine mortality since the 1950s in many countries, often in the vicinity of garden bird feeding stations. To gain better insight into its epidemiology and host-pathogen interactions, we sequenced the genomes of a collection of 11 isolates from wild passerine salmonellosis in England and Wales. Phylogenetic analysis showed these passerine isolates to be closely related to each other and to form a clade that is distinct from other strains of\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium, which included a multidrug-resistant isolate from invasive nontyphoidal\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n                    disease that shares the same phage type as several of the passerine isolates. Closely related to wild passerine isolates and within the same clade were four\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium isolates from humans as well as isolates from horses, poultry, cattle, an unspecified wild bird, and a domestic cat and dog with similar DTs and\/or multilocus sequence types. This suggests the potential for cross-species transmission, and the genome sequences provide a valuable resource to investigate passerine salmonellosis further.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01660-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]],"date-time":"2016-09-09T21:51:22Z","timestamp":1473457882000},"page":"6728-6735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Genomic Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium from Wild Passerines in England and Wales"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Alison E.","family":"Mather","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Becki","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"de Pinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salmonella Reference Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Wigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Chester, United Kingdom"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Chester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7069-5958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Parkhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas R.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin K.","family":"Paterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2002.36306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/2012-12-321"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985812465328"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-44.3.585"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01408-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"394","article-title":"Salmonella Typhimurium infection in feral birds","volume":"47","author":"Hudson CB","year":"1957","unstructured":"Hudson CB, Tudor DC. 1957. 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