{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T03:47:27Z","timestamp":1790480847127,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Technology Innovation Agency - Tshwane Animal Health Innovation Cluster Initiative","award":["TAHC12-00034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TAHC12-00034"]}]},{"name":"Health and Welfare Sector Education and Training Authority"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001343","name":"University of Pretoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001343","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Nonpathogenic poultry\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycoplasma<\/jats:named-content>\n            species are often overlooked due to their lesser impact on poultry health and production compared to the OIE-listed pathogenic strains\n            <jats:italic>M. gallisepticum<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>M. synoviae<\/jats:italic>\n            . The use of antimicrobials as in-feed growth promoters and for the control of mycoplasmosis is common in poultry production across the world. Here, we provide evidence that certain nonpathogenic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycoplasma<\/jats:named-content>\n            species are acquiring multidrug resistance traits. This would have significant implications if these species, for which no vaccines are applied, are able to transfer their antibiotic resistance genes to other mycoplasmas and bacteria that may enter the human food chain.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01660-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]],"date-time":"2018-08-28T09:23:49Z","timestamp":1535448229000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Evidence for Multidrug Resistance in Nonpathogenic Mycoplasma Species Isolated from South African Poultry"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9308-6530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Beylefeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Wambulawaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dauda Garba","family":"Bwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes Jacobus","family":"Gouws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obed Mooki","family":"Lukhele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astral Foods Ltd., Centurion, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Barend Rudolph","family":"Wandrag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Abolnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119421481.ch21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"877","volume-title":"Diseases of poultry","author":"Raviv Z","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raviv Z, Ley DH. 2013. Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection, p 877\u2013893. In Swayne DE, Glisson JR, McDougald LR, Nolan LK, Suarez DL, Nair V (ed), Diseases of poultry. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames, IA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"900","volume-title":"Diseases of poultry","author":"Ferguson-Noel N","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferguson-Noel N, Noormohammadi AH. 2013. Mycoplasma synoviae infection, p 900\u2013906. In Swayne DE, Glisson JR, McDougald LR, Nolan LK, Suarez DL, Nair V (ed), Diseases of poultry. 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