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Among these, the induction of cell proliferation by antibiotics is critical, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we showed that sulfonyl-containing chemicals (e.g., sulfonamides) can induce cell proliferation hormesis in\n                    <jats:italic>Comamonas testosteroni<\/jats:italic>\n                    . An investigation of the hormesis mechanism revealed that low-dose sulfonamides potentially interact with the\n                    <jats:italic>LuxR<\/jats:italic>\n                    -type quorum-sensing protein LuxR solo, thereby triggering the transcription of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, a key enzyme of fatty acid \u03b2-oxidation. This provides additional ATP, NADPH, and acetyl-CoA for macromolecule biosynthesis, allowing cells to synthesize sufficient nucleotides to support rapid cell growth. Our work reports on a previously unknown mechanism for the hormetic effect and highlights its generality in the Comamonadaceae family.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antibiotics can induce dose-dependent hormetic effects on bacterial cell proliferation, i.e., low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. However, the underlying molecular basis has yet to be clarified. Here, we showed that sulfonamides play dual roles as a weapon and signal against\n                      <jats:italic>Comamonas testosteroni<\/jats:italic>\n                      that can modulate cell physiology and phenotype. Subsequently, through investigating the hormesis mechanism, we proposed a comprehensive regulatory pathway for the hormetic effects of\n                      <jats:italic>Comamonas testosteroni<\/jats:italic>\n                      low-level sulfonamides and determined the generality of the observed regulatory model in the Comamonadaceae family. Considering the prevalence of Comamonadaceae in human guts and environmental ecosystems, we provide critical insights into the health and ecological effects of antibiotics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01662-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T09:01:09Z","timestamp":1701680469000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Quorum-sensing gene regulates hormetic effects induced by sulfonamides in Comamonadaceae"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 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