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The latter is part of the\n                    <jats:italic>nanCMS<\/jats:italic>\n                    operon, which is present in most\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n                    strains and encodes an esterase which is responsible for the monodeacetylation of 5-\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acetyl-9-\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Whereas one prophage-borne ORF (z1466) has been characterized in previous studies, the functions of the other\n                    <jats:italic>nanS<\/jats:italic>\n                    -homologous ORFs are unknown. In the current study, the\n                    <jats:italic>nanS<\/jats:italic>\n                    -homologous ORFs of EDL933 were initially studied\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Due to their homology to the chromosomal\n                    <jats:italic>nanS<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene and their location in prophage genomes, we designated them\n                    <jats:italic>nanS<\/jats:italic>\n                    -p and numbered the different\n                    <jats:italic>nanS<\/jats:italic>\n                    -p alleles consecutively from 1 to 10. The two alleles\n                    <jats:italic>nanS<\/jats:italic>\n                    -p2 and\n                    <jats:italic>nanS<\/jats:italic>\n                    -p4 were selected for production of recombinant proteins, their enzymatic activities were investigated, and differences in their temperature optima were found. Furthermore, a function of these enzymes in substrate utilization could be demonstrated using an\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n                    C600\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>nanS<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant in a growth medium with Neu5,9Ac\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    as the carbon source and supplementation with the different recombinant NanS-p proteins. Moreover, generation of sequential deletions of all\n                    <jats:italic>nanS<\/jats:italic>\n                    -p alleles in strain EDL933 and subsequent growth experiments demonstrated a gene dose effect on the utilization of Neu5,9Ac\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Since Neu5,9Ac\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    is an important component of human and animal gut mucus and since the nutrient availability in the large intestine is limited, we hypothesize that the presence of multiple Neu5,9Ac\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    esterases provides them a nutrient supply under certain conditions in the large intestine, even if particular prophages are lost.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n                    In this study, a group of homologous prophage-borne\n                    <jats:italic>nanS<\/jats:italic>\n                    -p alleles and two of the corresponding enzymes of enterohemorrhagic\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n                    (EHEC) O157:H7 strain EDL933 that may be important to provide alternative genes for substrate utilization were characterized.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01671-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,29]],"date-time":"2016-07-29T22:39:28Z","timestamp":1469831968000},"page":"5940-5950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strain EDL933 Harbors Multiple Functional Prophage-Associated Genes Necessary for the Utilization of 5-\n                    <i>N<\/i>\n                    -Acetyl-9-\n                    <i>O<\/i>\n                    -Acetyl Neuraminic Acid as a Growth Substrate"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Nadja","family":"Saile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 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