{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T01:49:48Z","timestamp":1778636988080,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The occurrence of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>\n            oocysts in drinking source water can present a serious public health risk. To rapidly and effectively assess the source and human-infective potential of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>\n            oocysts in water, sensitive detection and correct identification of oocysts to the species level (genotyping) are essential. In this study, we developed three real-time PCR genotyping assays, two targeting the small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene (18S-LC1 and 18S-LC2 assays) and one targeting the 90-kDa heat shock protein (hsp90) gene (hsp90 assay), and evaluated the sensitivity and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>\n            species detection range of these assays. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes and melt curve analysis, the 18S-LC1 and hsp90 assays could differentiate common human-pathogenic species (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. parvum<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. hominis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. meleagridis<\/jats:named-content>\n            ), while the 18S-LC2 assay was able to differentiate nonpathogenic species (such as\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. andersoni<\/jats:named-content>\n            ) from human-pathogenic ones commonly found in source water. In sensitivity evaluations, the 18S-LC2 and hsp90 genotyping assays could detect as few as 1\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>\n            oocyst per sample. Thus, the 18S-LC2 and hsp90 genotyping assays might be used in environmental monitoring, whereas the 18S-LC1 genotyping assay could be useful for genotyping\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp. in clinical specimens or wastewater samples.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01699-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,20]],"date-time":"2015-06-20T02:57:08Z","timestamp":1434769028000},"page":"5845-5854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Development and Evaluation of Three Real-Time PCR Assays for Genotyping and Source Tracking Cryptosporidium spp. in Water"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman F.","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norma","family":"Ruecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Quality Services, The City of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerri A.","family":"Alderisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Department of Environmental Protection, Valhalla, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Sturbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CH Diagnostic &amp; Consulting Service, Berthoud, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric N.","family":"Villegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Monis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Water Quality Centre, South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaoyu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2008.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02788-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.06.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es900081m"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.12.5492-5498.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01924-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.043158-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01345-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02706-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00146-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.8.4446-4454.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","volume-title":"Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis","author":"Fayer R","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fayer R, Xiao L. 2008. 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