{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T23:31:40Z","timestamp":1784158300729,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,15]],"date-time":"2009-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1258243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Factors potentially contributing to the lower incidence of Lyme borreliosis (LB) in the far-western than in the northeastern United States include tick host-seeking behavior resulting in fewer human tick encounters, lower densities of\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            -infected vector ticks in peridomestic environments, and genetic variation among\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            spirochetes to which humans are exposed. We determined the population structure of\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            in over 200 infected nymphs of the primary bridging vector to humans,\n            <jats:italic>Ixodes pacificus<\/jats:italic>\n            , collected in Mendocino County, CA. This was accomplished by sequence typing the spirochete lipoprotein\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            and the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer (IGS). Thirteen\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            alleles belonging to 12 genotypes were found in California, and the two most abundant,\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            genotypes H3 and E3, have not been detected in ticks in the Northeast. The most prevalent\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            and IGS biallelic profile in the population, found in about 22% of ticks, was a new\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            strain defined by\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            genotype H3. Eight of the most common\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            genotypes in the northeastern United States, including genotypes I and K that are associated with disseminated human infections, were absent in Mendocino County nymphs.\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            H3 was associated with hardwood-dominated habitats where western gray squirrels, the reservoir host, are commonly infected with LB spirochetes. The differences in\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            population structure in California ticks compared to the Northeast emphasize the need for a greater understanding of the genetic diversity of spirochetes infecting California LB patients.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01704-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,26]],"date-time":"2009-09-26T01:51:42Z","timestamp":1253929902000},"page":"7243-7252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Population Structure of the Lyme Borreliosis Spirochete\n            <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n            in the Western Black-Legged Tick (\n            <i>Ixodes pacificus<\/i>\n            ) in Northern California"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Yvette A.","family":"Girard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-3114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridgit","family":"Travinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Medicine, University of California Irvine, 3012 Hewitt Hall, Irvine, California 92697"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Schotthoefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Fedorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-3114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Eisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Eisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan G.","family":"Barbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Medicine, University of California Irvine, 3012 Hewitt Hall, Irvine, California 92697"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-3114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1879-1884.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2006.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1","volume":"57","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bacon, R. 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