{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:35:52Z","timestamp":1791894952467,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]],"date-time":"2015-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The cholera toxin genes of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            are encoded by CTX\u03a6, a lysogenic bacteriophage. Infection with this phage plays a determinant role in toxigenicity conversion and the emergence of new clones of pathogenic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Multiple phage alleles, defined by sequence types of the repressor gene\n            <jats:italic>rstR<\/jats:italic>\n            , have been found, showing the divergence of phage genomes. Pre-CTX\u03a6, which is characterized by the absence of toxin genes, is predicted to be the precursor of CTX\u03a6. We have found a new pre-CTX\u03a6 prophage genome (named pre-CTX\n            <jats:sup>ZJ<\/jats:sup>\n            \u03a6 for its novel\n            <jats:italic>rstR<\/jats:italic>\n            allele) in nontoxigenic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            O1 isolates that were obtained during surveillance of the estuary water of the Zhujiang River. A novel hybrid genome of the helper phage RS1 was identified in an environmental strain carrying pre-CTX\n            <jats:sup>ZJ<\/jats:sup>\n            \u03a6 in this study. The chromosomal integration and genomic arrangement of pre-CTX\n            <jats:sup>ZJ<\/jats:sup>\n            \u03a6 and RS1 were determined. The RS2 of pre-CTX\n            <jats:sup>ZJ<\/jats:sup>\n            \u03a6 was shown to have a function in replication, but it seemed to have lost its ability to integrate. The RstR of pre-CTX\n            <jats:sup>ZJ<\/jats:sup>\n            \u03a6 exerted the highest repression of its own\n            <jats:italic>rstA<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter compared to other RstRs, suggesting\n            <jats:italic>rstR<\/jats:italic>\n            -specific phage superinfection immunity and potential coinfection with other pre-CTX\u03a6\/CTX\u03a6 alleles. The environmental strain carrying pre-CTX\n            <jats:sup>ZJ<\/jats:sup>\n            \u03a6 could still be infected by CTX\n            <jats:sup>ET<\/jats:sup>\n            \u03a6, the most common phage allele in the strains of the seventh cholera pandemic, suggesting that this nontoxigenic clone could potentially undergo toxigenicity conversion by CTX\u03a6 infection and become a new toxigenic clone despite already containing the pre-CTX\u03a6 prophage.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01742-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,8]],"date-time":"2015-08-08T02:40:28Z","timestamp":1439001628000},"page":"7171-7177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Hybrid Pre-CTX\u03a6-RS1 Prophage Genome and Its Regulatory Function in Environmental Vibrio cholerae O1 Strains"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifeng","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duochun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 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