{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:28:36Z","timestamp":1792812516286,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]],"date-time":"2016-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"UDSA, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant","award":["2014-67012-21622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-67012-21622"]}]},{"name":"FDA\/CFSAN","award":["5U01FD003572-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U01FD003572-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            is the leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Wild birds, including American crows, are abundant in urban, suburban, and agricultural settings and are likely zoonotic vectors of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Their proximity to humans and livestock increases the potential spreading of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            via crows between the environment, livestock, and humans. However, no studies have definitively demonstrated that crows are a vector for pathogenic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            . We used genomics to evaluate the zoonotic and pathogenic potential of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            from crows to other animals with 184 isolates obtained from crows, chickens, cows, sheep, goats, humans, and nonhuman primates. Whole-genome analysis uncovered two distinct clades of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:named-content>\n            genotypes; the first contained genotypes found only in crows, while a second genotype contained \u201cgeneralist\u201d genomes that were isolated from multiple host species, including isolates implicated in human disease, primate gastroenteritis, and livestock abortion. Two major \u03b2-lactamase genes were observed frequently in these genomes (\n            <jats:italic>oxa-184<\/jats:italic>\n            , 55%, and\n            <jats:italic>oxa-61<\/jats:italic>\n            , 29%), where\n            <jats:italic>oxa-184<\/jats:italic>\n            was associated only with crows and\n            <jats:italic>oxa-61<\/jats:italic>\n            was associated with generalists. Mutations in\n            <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n            , indicative of fluoroquinolone resistance, were observed in 14% of the isolates. Tetracycline resistance (\n            <jats:italic>tetO<\/jats:italic>\n            ) was present in 22% of the isolates, yet it occurred in 91% of the abortion isolates. Virulence genes were distributed throughout the genomes; however,\n            <jats:italic>cdtC<\/jats:italic>\n            alleles recapitulated the crow-only and generalist clades. A specific\n            <jats:italic>cdtC<\/jats:italic>\n            allele was associated with abortion in livestock and was concomitant with\n            <jats:italic>tetO<\/jats:italic>\n            . These findings indicate that crows harboring a generalist\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. jejuni<\/jats:named-content>\n            genotype may act as a vector for the zoonotic transmission of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            This study examined the link between public health and the genomic variation of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            in relation to disease in humans, primates, and livestock. Use of large-scale whole-genome sequencing enabled population-level assessment to find new genes that are linked to livestock disease. With 184\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            genomes, we assessed virulence traits, antibiotic resistance susceptibility, and the potential for zoonotic transfer to observe that there is a \u201cgeneralist\u201d genotype that may move between host species.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01746-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,8]],"date-time":"2016-10-08T02:58:21Z","timestamp":1475895501000},"page":"7165-7175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Genomic Comparison of Campylobacter spp. and Their Potential for Zoonotic Transmission between Birds, Primates, and Livestock"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Allison M.","family":"Weis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan B.","family":"Storey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conor C.","family":"Taff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife, Fish, &amp; Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea K.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife, Fish, &amp; Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bihua C.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyet T.","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin A.","family":"Clothier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Animal and Food Safety &amp; Health Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Spinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7471-1978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart C.","family":"Weimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"902","volume-title":"Manual of clinical microbiology","author":"Nachamkin I","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nachamkin I. 2003. 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