{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:23:11Z","timestamp":1785424991501,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31802210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31802210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n is a significant zoonotic pathogen that severely threatens global public health and aquaculture. Manganese (Mn) acts as a cofactor for numerous enzymes and is crucial for bacterial oxidative stress resistance and virulence. However, excessive Mn is toxic, prompting bacteria to develop diverse Mn detoxification mechanisms. Herein, two genes (\n mneA<\/jats:italic>\n and\n terC<\/jats:italic>\n ) located downstream of the Mn-sensing\n yybP-ykoY<\/jats:italic>\n riboswitch were identified in\n V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n . The expression of\n mneA<\/jats:italic>\n and\n terC<\/jats:italic>\n is specifically induced by Mn. The\n mneA<\/jats:italic>\n deletion mutant (\u0394\n mneA<\/jats:italic>\n ) exhibited impaired growth in standard (pH 7.3), alkaline (pH 8.4), or weakly acidic (pH 6.8) medium supplemented with Mn. By contrast, the\n terC<\/jats:italic>\n deletion mutant (\u0394\n terC<\/jats:italic>\n ) showed growth inhibition under high Mn concentrations in weakly acidic medium. Furthermore, the\n mneA<\/jats:italic>\n and\n terC<\/jats:italic>\n double mutant (\u0394\n mneA<\/jats:italic>\n \u0394\n terC<\/jats:italic>\n ) was more sensitive to Mn stress than \u0394\n mneA<\/jats:italic>\n . Bacterial survival assays revealed that both MneA and TerC protect\n V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n against Mn-induced bacteriostasis. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry showed that the deletion of\n mneA<\/jats:italic>\n or\n terC<\/jats:italic>\n significantly increases intracellular Mn content. A competitive infection assay using a zebrafish model revealed that\n mneA<\/jats:italic>\n contributes to virulence in\n V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n , while\n terC<\/jats:italic>\n has no such effect. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that\n V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n modulates the expression of multiple genes in response to Mn bacteriostatic activity. Collectively, these findings indicate that MneA and TerC exhibit distinct roles in Mn detoxification and virulence in\n V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n . This work expands the understanding of Mn detoxification mechanisms in bacteria and highlights the role of Mn in the host\u2013pathogen interface.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n \n Manganese (Mn) is important for life, but is toxic in excess. Consequently, bacteria have evolved elaborate mechanisms to maintain intracellular Mn homeostasis. In this study, we identified and characterized two Mn exporters, that is, MneA and TerC, in\n Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n , a significant zoonotic pathogen. We showed that MneA and TerC protect\n V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n against Mn-induced bacteriostasis via Mn efflux. Strikingly, unlike the findings in\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n that a TerC homolog Alx tunes intracellular Mn concentration at alkaline pH,\n V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n TerC facilitates the bacterium\u2019s growth under high Mn concentrations in weakly acidic medium. Moreover, MneA is crucial for the virulence of\n V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n , whereas TerC plays no apparent role. Collectively, while both MneA and TerC act as Mn exporters in\n V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n , they exhibit distinct roles. This study also highlights the importance of exploring conserved proteins in different bacterial species.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01754-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T13:00:20Z","timestamp":1779282020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MneA and TerC exhibit distinct roles in manganese detoxification and virulence in\n Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3030-4251","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chengkun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03tqb8s11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis\/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 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