{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T12:34:04Z","timestamp":1789734844742,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]],"date-time":"2009-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1260835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Despite extensive research on the bottom-up force of resource availability (e.g., electron donors and acceptors), slow biodegradation rates and stalling at\n            <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n            -dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride continue to be observed in aquifers contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE). The objective of this research was to gauge the impact of the top-down force of protistan predation on TCE biodegradation in laboratory microcosms. When indigenous bacteria from an electron donor-limited TCE-contaminated bedrock aquifer were present, the indigenous protists inhibited reductive dechlorination altogether. The presence of protists during organic carbon-amended conditions caused the bacteria to elongate (length:width, \u226510:1), but reductive dechlorination was still inhibited. When a commercially available dechlorinating bacterial culture and an organic carbon amendment were added in he presence of protists, the elongated bacteria predominated and reductive dechlorination stalled at cDCE. When protists were removed under organic carbon-amended conditions, reductive dechlorination stalled at cDCE, whereas in the presence organic carbon and bacterial amendments, the total chlorinated ethene concentration decreased, indicating TCE was converted to ethene and\/or CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            . The data suggested that indigenous protists grazed dechlorinators to extremely low levels, inhibiting dechlorination altogether. Hence, in situ bioremediation\/bioaugmentation may not be successful in mineralizing TCE unless the top-down force of protistan predation is inhibited.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01820-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,10]],"date-time":"2009-10-10T01:44:59Z","timestamp":1255139099000},"page":"7588-7593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Protistan Predation Affects Trichloroethene Biodegradation in a Bedrock Aquifer"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"Joseph J.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bedrock Bioremediation Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Kinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bedrock Bioremediation Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.20569"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es051849o"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02406.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713607980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes at a karst site in middle Tennessee. 2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.46.2.491-498.1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Bioremediation of TCE source area at the mobile launch platform rehabilitation sites and vehicle assembly building. 2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Ground-water microbiology and geochemistry. 2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1990.35.7.1429"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.6.2232-2236.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.1.78-86.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Protistan predation and TCE biodegradation in a fractured rock aquifer. 2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Protozoa in the water industry. 1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"A statistical approach to understanding microcosm methods for microbially mediated dechlorination of trichloroethene in bedrock aquifers 2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es062010r"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Microfracture surface characterizations: implications for in-situ remedial methods in fractured rock. 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