{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:22:11Z","timestamp":1791649331111,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42206124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42206124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42476115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42476115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42576102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42576102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42406120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42406120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016109","name":"Taishan Industrial Experts Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["tscy2024116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tscy2024116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF","award":["GZC20232809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZC20232809"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020196","name":"Shandong Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SDCX-ZG-202400186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDCX-ZG-202400186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018936","name":"Qingdao Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QDBSH20240102185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QDBSH20240102185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Despite the promise of phages as antibiotic alternatives, their efficacy is often undermined by the rapid emergence of bacterial resistance. Phage-derived enzymes, particularly depolymerases, offer a compelling strategy to overcome this limitation and enhance antibacterial therapy. Focusing on\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                      pathogens, the major threats to global aquaculture, our bioinformatic analysis revealed that 79.4% of cultured and 46.2% of uncultured\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                      phages encode putative depolymerases, underscoring a vast but underexploited antibacterial resource. We further isolated and characterized VnaP, a depolymerase-encoding phage (novel genus,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Caudovircetes<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) that forms distinctive halo plaques indicative of depolymerase activity. Genome analysis identified ORF193, encoding a novel polysaccharide depolymerase lacking sequence or structural homology to any characterized depolymerases. Heterologously expressed Dep193 efficiently degraded\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                      surface polysaccharides and exhibited potent antibiofilm activity. While Dep193 exhibits modest standalone antibacterial activity, its synergistic combination with VnaP significantly enhances bacterial clearance and delays resistance emergence across multiple\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. As the first biochemically validated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                      phage depolymerase, Dep193 broadens the known diversity of these enzymes and establishes an effective strategy for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                      control in aquaculture.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                        strains threatens global aquaculture sustainability, necessitating alternative antimicrobial strategies. This study identifies and characterizes Dep193, a novel phage-encoded depolymerase with polysaccharide-degrading and antibiofilm activities that enhances phage therapy efficacy through a previously unreported mechanism. The Dep193-phage VnaP combination exhibits broad-spectrum activity against multiple\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                        species, demonstrating strong potential as a therapeutic strategy for aquaculture. Notably, Dep193 lacks any recognizable functional domains found in characterized depolymerases, representing the first validated member of a novel evolutionary clade. These findings expand the known diversity of phage depolymerases and provide a promising avenue for the targeted control of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                        infections in aquaculture.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01824-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T14:01:09Z","timestamp":1768226469000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Mining a vibriophage depolymerase for enhanced pathogen control in aquaculture"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9390-2609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufei","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Qingdao, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiulong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Qingdao, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","place":["Zhuhai, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Energy Institute","place":["Qingdao, China"]},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengmeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Qingdao, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Energy Institute","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Qingdao, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rdtx186","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ocean University of China","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rdtx186","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ocean University of China","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8973-0796","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Qingdao, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Energy Institute","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5065-1237","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Qingdao, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","place":["Zhuhai, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Energy Institute","place":["Qingdao, China"]},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuaa017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10070351"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-8811-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3780697"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-017-8224-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1462620"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp5057"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02949"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112502"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10020175"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00073-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2022.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-015-7247-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.05304-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00145-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867322666150209152851"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S290093"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1438022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01315"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12212"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.904815"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42995-020-00037-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11051197"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0003683823602822"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093259"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2020.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100194"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.6.3329-3336.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-024-00377-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00426"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111268"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00367-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-023-05341-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56774-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-023-03740-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v8120324"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsbi.1998.3985"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsbi.2002.4447"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02517"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01197-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21597081.2015.1062590"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2023.2273567"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00387-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2022.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01460"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-025-01155-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374546-0.00020-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02657"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr2002353"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01258-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02323-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53994-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1037"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-119"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11111670"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02131-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-010-9588-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-020-00271-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09064710.2018.1526965"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03413-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpbi.102"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-00774-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad979"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad326"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx157"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07487-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01773-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts565"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp348"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae268"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201702968"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6173"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13970"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-024-00576-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03854-3"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aem.01824-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aem.01824-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T14:03:33Z","timestamp":1772719413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/aem.01824-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Julia C.","family":"van Kessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/aem.01824-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.01824-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01824-25"}}