{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:05:50Z","timestamp":1791453950137,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The mucosal surfaces of wild and farmed aquatic vertebrates face the threat of many aquatic pathogens, including fungi. These surfaces are colonized by diverse symbiotic bacterial communities that may contribute to fight infection. Whereas the gut microbiome of teleosts has been extensively studied using pyrosequencing, this tool has rarely been employed to study the compositions of the bacterial communities present on other teleost mucosal surfaces. Here we provide a topographical map of the mucosal microbiome of an aquatic vertebrate, the rainbow trout (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Oncorhynchus mykiss<\/jats:named-content>\n            ). Using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, we revealed novel bacterial diversity at each of the five body sites sampled and showed that body site is a strong predictor of community composition. The skin exhibited the highest diversity, followed by the olfactory organ, gills, and gut.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Flectobacillus<\/jats:named-content>\n            was highly represented within skin and gill communities. Principal coordinate analysis and plots revealed clustering of external sites apart from internal sites. A highly diverse community was present within the epithelium, as demonstrated by confocal microscopy and pyrosequencing. Using\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            assays, we demonstrated that two\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Arthrobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            sp. skin isolates, a\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Psychrobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            sp. strain, and a combined skin aerobic bacterial sample inhibit the growth of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Saprolegnia australis<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mucor hiemalis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , two important aquatic fungal pathogens. These results underscore the importance of symbiotic bacterial communities of fish and their potential role for the control of aquatic fungal diseases.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01826-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,25]],"date-time":"2015-07-25T03:34:15Z","timestamp":1437795255000},"page":"6915-6925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":231,"title":["Topographical Mapping of the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Microbiome Reveals a Diverse Bacterial Community with Antifungal Properties in the Skin"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Liam","family":"Lowrey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas C.","family":"Woodhams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Tacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.5.1046s"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.11.5224-5231.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1195568"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218525110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243768"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2009.07193.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2604"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11551"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02004","article-title":"Addition of antifungal skin bacteria to salamanders ameliorates the effects of chytridiomycosis","volume":"83","author":"Harris RN","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris RN, Lauer A, Simon MA, Banning JL, Alford RA. 2009. Addition of antifungal skin bacteria to salamanders ameliorates the effects of chytridiomycosis. 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