{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:03:10Z","timestamp":1791237790621,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,15]],"date-time":"2013-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Cloacal swabs from carcasses of Dutch wild birds obtained in 2010 and 2011 were selectively cultured on media with cefotaxime to screen for the presence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)\/AmpC-producing\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Subsequently, all cefotaxime-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates were tested by broth microdilution and microarray. The presence of ESBL\/AmpC and coexisting plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes was confirmed by PCR and sequencing. To determine the size of plasmids and the location of ESBL and PMQR genes, S1 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on transformants, followed by Southern blot hybridization. The study included 414 cloacal swabs originating from 55 different bird species. Cefotaxime-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates were identified in 65 birds (15.7%) from 21 different species. In all, 65 cefotaxime-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            ESBL\/AmpC genes were detected, mainly comprising variants of\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n            . Furthermore, PMQR genes [\n            <jats:italic>aac(6<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2032\n            <jats:italic>)-lb-cr<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>qnrB1<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>qnrS1<\/jats:italic>\n            ] coincided in seven cefotaxime-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates. Overall, replicon typing of the ESBL\/AmpC-carrying plasmids demonstrated the predominant presence of IncI1 (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 31) and variants of IncF (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 18). Our results indicate a wide dissemination of ESBL and AmpC genes in wild birds from The Netherlands, especially among aquatic-associated species (waterfowl, gulls, and waders). The identified genes and plasmids reflect the genes found predominantly in livestock animals as well as in humans.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01880-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,14]],"date-time":"2013-09-14T03:41:50Z","timestamp":1379130110000},"page":"7556-7561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Characteristics of Cefotaxime-Resistant Escherichia coli from Wild Birds in The Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Kees","family":"Veldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and TSEs, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"van Tulden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and TSEs, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arie","family":"Kant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and TSEs, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joop","family":"Testerink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and TSEs, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dik","family":"Mevius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and TSEs, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2008.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00246"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks349"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki190"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","volume-title":"Prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the rivers Meuse, Rhine and New Meuse","author":"Blaak H","year":"2011","unstructured":"BlaakH. 2011. Prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the rivers Meuse, Rhine and New Meuse. RIVM report 703719071\/2011. RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2742"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","volume-title":"Common and scarce birds of The Netherlands","author":"Bijlsma RG","year":"2001","unstructured":"BijlsmaRG. 2001. Avifauna of The Netherlands, vol 2. Common and scarce birds of The Netherlands. KNNV Publishing, Zeist, The Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2312"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","volume-title":"Part 1: reference method for testing the in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against rapidly growing aerobic bacteria involved in infectious diseases (ISO standard 20776-1:2006)","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2006","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization. 2006. Clinical laboratory testing and in vitro diagnostic test systems\u2014susceptibility testing of infectious agents and evaluation of performance of antimicrobial susceptibility test devices. Part 1: reference method for testing the in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against rapidly growing aerobic bacteria involved in infectious diseases (ISO standard 20776-1:2006). 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