{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T02:27:36Z","timestamp":1787970456681,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21K07000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K07000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ushio Inc.","award":["Project number 3310200001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project number 3310200001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Ultraviolet (UV) C light emitted by a krypton chloride (KrCl) lamp consists of mainly less harmful 222-nm Far-UVC (unfiltered 222-mm Far-UVC) compared with conventionally used 254-nm UVC. It also contains wavelengths that are harmful to mammalian cells. By contrast, UVC from a KrCl lamp with optical filter (filtered 222-nm Far-UVC) consists of much less harmful 222-nm Far-UVC and is available for sterilization of dwelling spaces. The germicidal mechanisms of the 254-nm UVC and unfiltered 222-nm Far-UVC have been partially elucidated; however, the mechanism of action of filtered 222-nm Far-UVC remains unknown. It is known that 254 nm UVC induces cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), which are DNA lesions in\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n              (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n              ); however, the CPDs are repaired by photoreactivation. In the present study, it was demonstrated that filtered 222-nm Far-UVC also generated CPDs, which were not repaired by photoreactivation. Therefore, a germicidal mechanism of filtered 222-nm Far-UVC may be different from a 254-nm UVC. It was reported that unfiltered 222-nm Far-UVC induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n              . In the present study, filtered 222-nm Far-UVC also induced ROS production. In accordance with increased ROS production, the levels of carbonylated proteins were increased, and morphological alteration was observed in\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n              . From these results, it was suggested that ROS generated by filtered 222-nm Far-UVC inactivated ROS scavenger enzymes and the enzyme photolyase that is involved in photoreactivation. The increased ROS levels and unrepaired CPDs impaired photoreactivation in\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n              and may be involved in the germicidal mechanism of action of the filtered 222-nm Far-UVC.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                The 222 nm Far-ultraviolet (UV) C light (UVC) emitted from a krypton chloride lamp with an optical filter is currently available for the sterilization of dwelling spaces. To use the filtered 222-nm Far-UVC more effectively and safely for sterilization, it is necessary to understand its germicidal mechanism. The present study suggests that the germicidal effect of filtered 222-nm Far-UVC on\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                may not only involve CPD but also ROS. These results could be useful in establishing more effective preventive methods in dwelling spaces for infectious diseases by UVC irradiation.\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01886-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T14:04:54Z","timestamp":1738332294000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Reactive oxygen species generated by irradiation with bandpass-filtered 222-nm Far-UVC play an important role in the germicidal mechanism to\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Kouji","family":"Narita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine","place":["Hirosaki, Japan"]},{"name":"Institution for Animal Experimentation, Hirosaki University 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