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Females can transmit these antibodies to their offspring, thereby providing them with short-term strain-specific protection against microbial pathogens. We investigated this phenomenon using multiple strains of the tick-borne microbial pathogen\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia afzelii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and its natural rodent reservoir host, the bank vole, as a model system. We found that female bank voles infected with\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. afzelii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    transmitted to their offspring maternal antibodies that provided highly efficient but strain-specific protection against a natural tick bite challenge. The transgenerational transfer of antibodies could be a mechanism that maintains the high strain diversity of this tick-borne pathogen in nature.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01887-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]],"date-time":"2019-09-20T07:25:08Z","timestamp":1568964308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Maternal Antibodies Provide Bank Voles with Strain-Specific Protection against Infection by the Lyme Disease Pathogen"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gomez-Chamorro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie et Evolution des Parasites, Institut de Biologie, Universit\u00e9 de Neuch\u00e2tel, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanina","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie et Evolution des Parasites, Institut de Biologie, Universit\u00e9 de Neuch\u00e2tel, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anouk","family":"Sarr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie et Evolution des Parasites, Institut de Biologie, Universit\u00e9 de Neuch\u00e2tel, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"Roethlisberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie et Evolution des Parasites, Institut de Biologie, Universit\u00e9 de Neuch\u00e2tel, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Genn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie et Evolution des Parasites, Institut de Biologie, Universit\u00e9 de Neuch\u00e2tel, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Bregnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie et Evolution des Parasites, Institut de Biologie, Universit\u00e9 de Neuch\u00e2tel, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Jacquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie et Evolution des Parasites, Institut de Biologie, Universit\u00e9 de Neuch\u00e2tel, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9384-0436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarten J.","family":"Voordouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie et Evolution des Parasites, Institut de Biologie, Universit\u00e9 de Neuch\u00e2tel, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195111637.001.0001","volume-title":"Maternal effects as adaptations","author":"Mousseau TA","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mousseau TA, Fox CW. 1998. 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