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The virulence potential of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter<\/jats:named-content>shed in crow feces obtained from a roost area in Bothell, Washington, was studied and compared with that from isolates from other parts of Washington and from a different crow species 7,000 miles away in Kolkata, India.<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter<\/jats:named-content>organisms were isolated from 61% and 69% of the fecal samples obtained from Washington and Kolkata, respectively, and were confirmed to be<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. jejuni<\/jats:named-content>. The cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) gene cluster from these isolates revealed a truncated sequence of approximately 1,350 bp. Sequencing of the gene cluster revealed two types of mutations: a 668-bp deletion across<jats:italic>cdtA<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>cdtB<\/jats:italic>and a 51-bp deletion within<jats:italic>cdtB<\/jats:italic>. Some strains had additional 20-bp deletions in<jats:italic>cdtB<\/jats:italic>. In either case, a functional toxin is not expected; a functional toxin is produced by the expression of three tandem genes,<jats:italic>cdtA<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>cdtB<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>cdtC<\/jats:italic>. Reverse transcriptase PCR with total RNA extracted from the isolates showed no expression of<jats:italic>cdtB<\/jats:italic>. A toxin assay performed with these isolates on HeLa cells failed to show cytotoxic effects on the cells. However, the isolates were able to colonize the chicken ceca for a period of at least 4 weeks, similar to that of a clinical isolate. Other virulence gene markers, flagellin A and CadF, were present in 100% of the isolates. Our study suggests that crows carry the bacterium<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. jejuni<\/jats:named-content>but with a dysfunctional toxin protein that is expected to drastically reduce its potential to cause diarrhea.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>Campylobacters are a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Since outbreaks have most often been correlated with poultry or unpasteurized dairy products, contact with farm animals, or contaminated water, historically, the majority of the studies have been with campylobacter isolates from poultry, domestic animals, and human patients. However, the bacterium has a broad host range that includes birds. These reservoirs need to be investigated, because the identification of the source and a determination of the transmission routes for a pathogen are important for the development of evidence-based disease control programs. In this study, two species of the human-commensal crow, from two different geographical regions separated by 7,000 miles of land and water, have been examined for their ability to cause disease by shedding campylobacters. Our results show that the crow may not play a significant role in campylobacteriosis, because the campylobacter organisms they shed produce a nonfunctional toxin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01893-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]],"date-time":"2018-01-10T14:16:14Z","timestamp":1515593774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in the Crow Gut Involves Many Deletions within the Cytolethal Distending Toxin Gene Cluster"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Keya","family":"Sen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, STEM, University of Washington, Bothell, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingrang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piyali","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanner","family":"Berglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, STEM, University of Washington, Bothell, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunice","family":"Varughese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asish K.","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"CDC. 2012. 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