{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:20:16Z","timestamp":1790709616750,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518652800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry","award":["1879\/312\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1879\/312\/2012"]}]},{"name":"Walter Ehrstr\u00f6m Foundation"},{"name":"University of Helsinki Doctoral Program in Food Chain and Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The molecular epidemiology of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            was investigated in a longitudinal study of three Finnish dairy farms during 2013 to 2016. A total of 186 bulk tank milk (BTM), 224 milk filter sock (MFS), and 1,702 barn environment samples were analyzed, and isolates of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            occurred throughout the year in all sample types, and the prevalence in MFS increased significantly during the indoor season.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            was more prevalent in MFS (29%) than in BTM (13%) samples. However, the prevalence of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            varied more between farms in samples of MFS (13 to 48%) than in BTM (10 to 16%). For each farm, the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            genotypes detected were classified by persistence (defined as persistent if isolated from \u22653 samples during \u22656 months) and predominance (defined as predominant if &gt;5% prevalence on at least one farm visit). The prevalence of sporadic genotypes was 4 to 5% on all three farms. In contrast, the prevalence of persistent predominant genotypes varied between farms by 4% to 16%. The highest prevalence of persistent predominant genotypes was observed on the farm with the poorest production hygiene. Persistent predominant genotypes were most prevalent on feeding surfaces, water troughs, and floors. Genotypes isolated from the milking system or from cow udders had a greater relative risk of occurring in BTM and MFS than genotypes that only occurred elsewhere in the farm, supporting the hypothesis that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogene<\/jats:named-content>\n            s is transmitted to milk from contamination on the udder surface or in the milking equipment.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium and the causative agent of a serious foodborne illness, listeriosis. Dairy products are common vehicles of listeriosis, and dairy cattle farms harbor\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            genotypes associated with human listeriosis outbreaks. Indeed, dairy cattle farms act as a reservoir of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and the organism is frequently detected in bulk tank milk (BTM) and in the feces of clinically healthy cows. The ecology of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            in the farm environment is complex and poorly understood. Isolates of the same\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            genotype can occur in the farm for years, but the factors contributing to the persistence of genotypes on dairy farms are unknown. Knowledge of the persistence patterns and contamination routes of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            on dairy farms can improve management of the contamination pressure in the farm environment and aid in the development of focused control strategies to reduce BTM contamination.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02000-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]],"date-time":"2017-12-08T16:15:36Z","timestamp":1512749736000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Occurrence, Persistence, and Contamination Routes of Listeria monocytogenes Genotypes on Three Finnish Dairy Cattle Farms: a Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Hanna","family":"Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anniina","family":"Jaakkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Research Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira), Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjaana","family":"Hakkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Research Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira), Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"Korkeala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miia","family":"Lindstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-11-417"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"448","article-title":"Vital signs: Listeria illnesses, deaths, and outbreaks\u2014United States, 2009\u20132011","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2013. 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