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There is the potential to manipulate the composition or activities of the oral microbiota to a higher nitrate-reducing state through nitrate supplementation. The current study examined microbial community composition and enzymatic responses to nitrate supplementation in sessile oral microbiota grown in continuous culture. Nitrate reductase (NaR) activity and nitrite concentrations were not significantly different to tongue-derived inocula in model biofilms. These were generally dominated by\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., initially, and a single nitrate supplementation resulted in the increased relative abundance of the nitrate-reducing genera\n                      <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. Nitrite concentrations increased concomitantly and continued to increase throughout oral microbiota development. Continuous nitrate supplementation, over a 7-day period, was similarly associated with an elevated abundance of nitrate-reducing taxa and increased nitrite concentration in the perfusate. In experiments in which the models were established in continuous low or high nitrate environments, there was an initial elevation in nitrate reductase, and nitrite concentrations reached a relatively constant concentration over time similar to the acute nitrate challenge with a similar expansion of\n                      <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In summary, we have investigated nitrate metabolism in continuous culture oral biofilms, showing that nitrate addition increases nitrate reductase activity and nitrite concentrations in oral microbiota with the expansion of putatively NaR-producing taxa.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>Clinical evidence suggests that blood pressure regulation can be promoted by nitrite generated through the reduction of supplemental dietary nitrate by the oral microbiota. We have utilized oral microbiota models to investigate the mechanisms responsible, demonstrating that nitrate addition increases nitrate reductase activity and nitrite concentrations in oral microbiota with the expansion of\u202fnitrate-reducing taxa.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02035-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T08:19:29Z","timestamp":1709626769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Investigating the association between nitrate dosing and nitrite generation by the human oral microbiota in continuous culture"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3700-5986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Willmott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology &amp; Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4995-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah J.","family":"Serrage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Cottrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology &amp; Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9138-0859","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gavin J.","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology &amp; Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5255-5425","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"McBain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","volume-title":"Hypertension: the clinical management of primary hypertension in adults","author":"NICE","year":"2011","unstructured":"NICE. 2011. 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