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Previous studies of disease-causing strains have shown\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            to be a primarily clonal bacterial species, but isolates analyzed have been strongly biased toward pathogenic genotypes, while representing only a small sample of the vast diversity in environmental strains. In this study, we characterized homologous recombination and structure among 152 environmental\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates and 13 other putative\n            <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates from coastal waters and sediments in central California, as well as four clinical\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates, using multilocus sequence analysis of seven housekeeping genes. Recombinant regions were identified by at least three detection methods in 72% of our\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates. Despite frequent recombination, significant linkage disequilibrium was still detected among the\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            sequence types. Incongruent but nonrandom associations were observed for maximum likelihood topologies from the individual loci. Overall, our estimated recombination rate in\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            of 6.5 times the mutation rate is similar to those of other sexual bacteria and appears frequently enough to restrict selection from purging much of the neutral intraspecies diversity. These data suggest that frequent recombination among\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            may hinder the identification of ecotypes in this bacterioplankton population.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02062-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,13]],"date-time":"2010-11-13T05:59:41Z","timestamp":1289627981000},"page":"537-544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Recombination Shapes the Structure of an Environmental\n            <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n            Population"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Keymer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, MC 4020, Stanford, California 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandria B.","family":"Boehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, MC 4020, Stanford, California 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02649"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"1302","volume":"2","year":"1981","unstructured":"Baumann, P., and L. 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