{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:49:46Z","timestamp":1791118186378,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]],"date-time":"2012-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:named-content>is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that causes cryptosporidiosis, an infectious diarrheal disease primarily affecting humans and neonatal ruminants. Understanding the transmission dynamics of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. parvum<\/jats:named-content>, particularly the specific contributions of zoonotic and anthroponotic transmission, is critical to the control of this pathogen. This study used a population genetics approach to better understand the transmission of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. parvum<\/jats:named-content>in the Upper Midwest United States. A total of 254<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. parvum<\/jats:named-content>isolates from cases of human cryptosporidiosis in Minnesota and Wisconsin and diarrheic calves in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and North Dakota were genotyped at eight polymorphic loci. Isolates with a complete profile from all eight loci (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 212) were used to derive a multilocus genotype (MLT), which was used in population genetic analyses. Among the 94 MLTs identified, 60 were represented by a single isolate. Approximately 20% of isolates belonged to MLT 2, a group that included both human and cattle isolates. Population analyses revealed a predominantly panmictic population with no apparent geographic or host substructuring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02105-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,15]],"date-time":"2012-09-15T10:43:38Z","timestamp":1347705818000},"page":"8096-8101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Evidence that Cryptosporidium parvum Populations Are Panmictic and Unstructured in the Upper Midwest of the United States"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Grant R.","family":"Herges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Widmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eakalak","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine W.","family":"Giddings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Brewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin\u2014Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"McEvoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2744-2747.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1981.178.09.982","article-title":"Patterns of shedding of cryptosporidial oocysts in Idaho calves","volume":"178","author":"Anderson BC","year":"1981","unstructured":"AndersonBC. 1981. Patterns of shedding of cryptosporidial oocysts in Idaho calves. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 178: 982\u2013984.","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2006.00168.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4108-4116.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.5.1518-1530.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01067-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2006.00169.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.9.847"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis surveillance\u2014United States 1999\u20132002","volume":"54","author":"Hlavsa MC","year":"2005","unstructured":"HlavsaMC WatsonJC BeachMJ. 2005. Cryptosporidiosis surveillance\u2014United States 1999\u20132002. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 54: 1\u20138.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.7.3973-3978.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-002-2412-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-1348(03)00089-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/76.2.379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2006.00166.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2005.01155.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-003-0834-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.10.4384"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4117-4134.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.6.2805-2809.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05594.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01576-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","volume-title":"Evolution and the genetics of populations: variability within and among natural populations","author":"Wright S","year":"1978","unstructured":"WrightS. 1978. Evolution and the genetics of populations: variability within and among natural populations, vol 4. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200410000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-006-0337-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis surveillance\u2014United States, 2003\u20132005","volume":"56","author":"Yoder JS","year":"2007","unstructured":"YoderJS BeachMJ. 2007. Cryptosporidiosis surveillance\u2014United States, 2003\u20132005. MMWR CDC Surveill. Summ. 56: 1\u201310.","journal-title":"MMWR CDC Surveill. Summ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis surveillance\u2014United States, 2006\u20132008","volume":"59","author":"Yoder JS","year":"2010","unstructured":"YoderJS HarralC BeachMJ. 2010. Cryptosporidiosis surveillance\u2014United States, 2006\u20132008. MMWR. Surveill. Summ. 59: 1\u201314.","journal-title":"MMWR. Surveill. Summ."}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.02105-12","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.02105-12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T22:18:10Z","timestamp":1744150690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.02105-12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.02105-12"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.02105-12","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-07-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-09-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-10-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}