{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T20:27:34Z","timestamp":1789417654134,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01AI170737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01AI170737"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020365","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U01CK000542-02-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U01CK000542-02-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020365","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020365","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6U01CK000630-01-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6U01CK000630-01-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020365","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Air sampling is a non-invasive alternative to individual testing for respiratory pathogens. Alternative methods to the \u201cgold standard\u201d quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) are required to enable higher throughput, lower cost, and more multiplexed detection of pathogens. The multiplexed CRISPR-Cas13 CARMEN Respiratory Viral Panel (RVP) was described previously for high-throughput detection of nine respiratory pathogens from nasal swab samples. Here, we modified and optimized the CARMEN RVP assay to overcome the unique challenges of air samples, including low biomass and environmental inhibitors. We monitored for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (Flu A) via qRT-PCR in air samples from 15 schools within Dane County, Wisconsin (USA), during the 2023\u20132024 school year. SARS-CoV-2 was detectable throughout the entire sampling period, while Flu A detection was seasonal from November 2023 to March 2024. We then analyzed a subset of samples from seven schools using an optimized CARMEN RVP assay for air surveillance (RVP_air) and compared the results to qRT-PCR. The RVP_air assay detected several additional pathogens beyond our primary targets. The frequencies and patterns of SARS-CoV-2 positivity, but not Flu A positivity, were similar between qRT-PCR and RVP_air across the 2023\u20132024 sampling period. We developed a secondary panel (RVP_air_flu) to better detect both H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes. Finally, we compared air sample results to clinical nasal swabs collected from the same school district. For several pathogens (SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, Flu A), positive air detections coincided with positive nasal swabs. These findings demonstrate that the RVP_air assay can effectively detect airborne pathogens from infected individuals within indoor spaces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Air sampling offers a cost-effective alternative to individual testing for respiratory pathogens within congregate settings. Optimization and use of multi-pathogen assays are especially valuable for capturing the breadth of pathogens that may be present simultaneously in the same space. The modified CARMEN RVP assays (RVP_air and RVP_air_flu) detected SARS-CoV-2 and Flu A during similar sampling time periods compared to qRT-PCR, while also detecting several additional respiratory pathogens (seasonal coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus). Importantly, pathogens detected from air samples corresponded to those detected from nasal swabs collected from individuals in the same spaces. Together, these findings highlight the utility of the RVP_air and RVP_air_flu assays as alternatives to qRT-PCR for environmental surveillance, with applications extending to other congregate spaces (hospitals, long-term care facilities) and high-risk settings, better informing communities and improving public health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02117-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T13:00:15Z","timestamp":1774530015000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Adaptation of the multiplexed CRISPR-Cas13 CARMEN RVP assay for longitudinal detection of respiratory pathogens from air samples"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6503-1399","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amy L.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y2jtd41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miranda","family":"Stauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01e4byj08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Barros Tiburcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y2jtd41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isla E.","family":"Emmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y2jtd41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul T.","family":"Edlefsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division","place":["Seattle, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Kosmider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division","place":["Seattle, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shari","family":"Barlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y2jtd41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Goss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y2jtd41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7097-583X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan L.","family":"Temte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y2jtd41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4961-1983","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elyse","family":"Stachler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vek6s52","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Harvard University","place":["Cambridge, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006w34k90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. 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