{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T12:33:30Z","timestamp":1789734810839,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518652800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The degradation of the herbicide dicamba is initiated by demethylation to form 3,6-dichlorosalicylate (3,6-DCSA) in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Rhizorhabdus<\/jats:named-content>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">dicambivorans<\/jats:named-content>\n            Ndbn-20. In the present study, a 3,6-DCSA degradation-deficient mutant, Ndbn-20m, was screened. A cluster,\n            <jats:italic>dsmR1DABCEFGR2<\/jats:italic>\n            , was lost in this mutant. The cluster consisted of nine genes, all of which were apparently induced by 3,6-DCSA. DsmA shared 30 to 36% identity with the monooxygenase components of reported three-component cytochrome P450 systems and formed a monophyletic branch in the phylogenetic tree. DsmB and DsmC were most closely related to the reported [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin and ferredoxin reductase, respectively. The disruption of\n            <jats:italic>dsmA<\/jats:italic>\n            in strain Ndbn-20 resulted in inactive 3,6-DCSA degradation. When\n            <jats:italic>dsmABC<\/jats:italic>\n            , but not\n            <jats:italic>dsmA<\/jats:italic>\n            alone, was introduced into mutant Ndbn-20m and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Sphingobium quisquiliarum<\/jats:named-content>\n            DC-2 (which is unable to degrade salicylate and its derivatives), they acquired the ability to hydroxylate 3,6-DCSA. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction demonstrated that the DsmABC-catalyzed hydroxylation occurred at the C-5 position of 3,6-DCSA, generating 3,6-dichlorogentisate (3,6-DCGA). In addition, DsmD shared 51% identity with GtdA (a gentisate and 3,6-DCGA 1,2-dioxygenase) from\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Sphingomonas<\/jats:named-content>\n            sp. strain RW5. However, unlike GtdA, the purified DsmD catalyzed the cleavage of gentisate and 3-chlorogentisate but not 6-chlorogentisate or 3,6-DCGA\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . Based on the bioinformatic analysis and gene function studies, a possible catabolic pathway of dicamba in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">R. dicambivorans<\/jats:named-content>\n            Ndbn-20 was proposed.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            Dicamba is widely used to control a variety of broadleaf weeds and is a promising target herbicide for the engineering of herbicide-resistant crops. The catabolism of dicamba has thus received increasing attention. Bacteria mineralize dicamba initially via demethylation, generating 3,6-dichlorosalicylate. However, the catabolism of 3,6-dichlorosalicylate remains unknown. In this study, we cloned a gene cluster,\n            <jats:italic>dsmR1DABCEFGR2<\/jats:italic>\n            , involved in 3,6-dichlorosalicylate degradation from\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">R. dicambivorans<\/jats:named-content>\n            Ndbn-20, demonstrated that the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system DsmABC was responsible for the 5-hydroxylation of 3,6-dichlorosalicylate, and proposed a dicamba catabolic pathway. This study provides a basis to elucidate the catabolism of dicamba and has benefits for the ecotoxicological study of dicamba. Furthermore, the hydroxylation of salicylate has been previously reported to be catalyzed by single-component flavoprotein or three-component Rieske non-heme iron oxygenase, whereas DsmABC was the only cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system hydroxylating salicylate and its methyl- or chloro-substituted derivatives.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02133-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T16:22:42Z","timestamp":1512145362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["3,6-Dichlorosalicylate Catabolism Is Initiated by the DsmABC Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase System in Rhizorhabdus dicambivorans Ndbn-20"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiguo","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Centre of Life Science, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derong","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing DBN Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing DBN Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"},{"name":"Laboratory Centre of Life Science, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiandong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"The pesticide manual: a world compendium","author":"Tomlin CDS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tomlin CDS. 2006. 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