{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T13:45:05Z","timestamp":1776087905688,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The external environment, particularly wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), where environmental bacteria meet human commensals and pathogens in large numbers, has been highlighted as a potential breeding ground for antibiotic resistance. We have isolated the extensively drug-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ochrobactrum intermedium<\/jats:named-content>\n            CCUG 57381 from an Indian WWTP receiving industrial wastewater from pharmaceutical production contaminated with high levels of quinolones. Antibiotic susceptibility testing against 47 antibiotics showed that the strain was 4 to &gt;500 times more resistant to sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, and the aminoglycoside streptomycin than the type strain\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">O. intermedium<\/jats:named-content>\n            LMG 3301\n            <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n            . Whole-genome sequencing identified mutations in the Indian strain causing amino acid substitutions in the target enzymes of quinolones. We also characterized three acquired regions containing resistance genes to sulfonamides (\n            <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>\n            ), tetracyclines [\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and\n            <jats:italic>tetR<\/jats:italic>\n            ], and chloramphenicol\/florfenicol (\n            <jats:italic>floR<\/jats:italic>\n            ). Furthermore, the Indian strain harbored acquired mechanisms for horizontal gene transfer, including a type I mating pair-forming system (MPF\n            <jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>\n            ), a MOB\n            <jats:sub>P<\/jats:sub>\n            relaxase, and insertion sequence transposons. Our results highlight that WWTPs serving antibiotic manufacturing may provide nearly ideal conditions for the recruitment of resistance genes into human commensal and pathogenic bacteria.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02141-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,14]],"date-time":"2013-09-14T03:41:50Z","timestamp":1379130110000},"page":"7256-7263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Acquired Genetic Mechanisms of a Multiresistant Bacterium Isolated from a Treatment Plant Receiving Wastewater from Antibiotic Production"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Johnning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward R. B.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liselott","family":"Svensson-Stadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yogesh S.","family":"Shouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Unit, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. G. 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