{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:57:05Z","timestamp":1791305825174,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]],"date-time":"2015-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Domestic ruminants are considered to be the main reservoir. Sheep, in particular, may frequently cause outbreaks in humans. Because within-flock circulation data are essential to implementing optimal management strategies, we performed a follow-up study of a naturally infected flock of dairy sheep. We aimed to (i) describe\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n            shedding dynamics by sampling vaginal mucus, feces, and milk, (ii) assess circulating strain diversity, and (iii) quantify barn environmental contamination. For 8 months, we sampled vaginal mucus and feces every 3 weeks from aborting and nonaborting ewes (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 11 and\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 26, respectively); for lactating females, milk was obtained as well. We also sampled vaginal mucus from nine ewe lambs. Dust and air samples were collected every 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. All samples were screened using real-time PCR, and strongly positive samples were further analyzed using quantitative PCR. Vaginal and fecal samples with sufficient bacterial burdens were then genotyped by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) using 17 markers.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n            burdens were higher in vaginal mucus and feces than in milk, and they peaked in the first 3 weeks postabortion or postpartum. Primiparous females and aborting females tended to shed\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n            longer and have higher bacterial burdens than nonaborting and multiparous females. Six genotype clusters were identified; they were independent of abortion status, and within-individual genotype diversity was observed.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n            was also detected in air and dust samples. Further studies should determine whether the within-flock circulation dynamics observed here are generalizable.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02180-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,8]],"date-time":"2015-08-08T02:40:28Z","timestamp":1439001628000},"page":"7253-7260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Circulation of Coxiella burnetii in a Naturally Infected Flock of Dairy Sheep: Shedding Dynamics, Environmental Contamination, and Genotype Diversity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Jouli\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"French National Institute for Agricultural Research, UR0346 Animal Epidemiology Unit, Saint-Gen\u00e8s Champanelle, France"},{"name":"VetAgro Sup Veterinary Campus, Marcy l'Etoile, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Laroucau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anses, Laboratory of Maisons-Alfort, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Bailly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French National Institute for Agricultural Research, UR0346 Animal Epidemiology Unit, Saint-Gen\u00e8s Champanelle, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Prigent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anses, Laboratory of Sophia-Antipolis, Animal Q Fever Unit, Sophia-Antipolis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Gasqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French National Institute for Agricultural Research, UR0346 Animal Epidemiology Unit, Saint-Gen\u00e8s Champanelle, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Lepetitcolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unicor, Millau, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adiagene, Saint Brieuc, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Rousset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anses, Laboratory of Sophia-Antipolis, Animal Q Fever Unit, Sophia-Antipolis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Sidi-Boumedine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anses, Laboratory of Sophia-Antipolis, Animal Q Fever Unit, Sophia-Antipolis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Jourdain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French National Institute for Agricultural Research, UR0346 Animal Epidemiology Unit, Saint-Gen\u00e8s Champanelle, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04511.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1593","article-title":"Scientific opinion on Q fever","volume":"8","author":"EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare","year":"2010","unstructured":"EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare. 2010. 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