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Blood samples from deer mice captured one or more times during the period 2003 to 2006 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 737) were selected to study bartonellae in deer mice. Bartonellae were found to be widely distributed in that population, with an overall prevalence of 82.4% (607\/737 mice). No correlation was found between bartonella prevalence and deer mouse weight or sex. Persistent or successive infections with bartonellae were observed in deer mice captured repeatedly, with a prevalence of 83.9% (297\/354), and the infection appeared to last for more than 1 year in some of them. Persistent infection with bartonellae may explain the high prevalence of these bacteria in deer mice at this site and, perhaps, elsewhere. Genetic analysis demonstrated that deer mouse-borne bartonella isolates at this site belong to the same species,<jats:italic>B. vinsonii<\/jats:italic>subsp.<jats:italic>arupensis<\/jats:italic>, demonstrating a specific relationship between<jats:italic>B. vinsonii<\/jats:italic>subsp.<jats:italic>arupensis<\/jats:italic>and deer mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02203-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,15]],"date-time":"2011-01-15T03:00:04Z","timestamp":1295060404000},"page":"1728-1731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Persistent Infection or Successive Reinfection of Deer Mice with<i>Bartonella vinsonii<\/i>subsp.<i>arupensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Calisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Kosoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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