{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:52:24Z","timestamp":1792126344908,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The objective of this study was to describe the influence of in-feed and therapeutic antimicrobials on resistance in commensal fecal\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            isolated from preweaned calves. Four groups of 30, day-old calf-ranch calves were enrolled and raised until 4 weeks of age. Groups 1 to 3 were raised without antimicrobials in the feed. Group 1 was isolated from the other groups and received no antimicrobial therapy. Group 2 was housed on the calf ranch and did not receive antimicrobial therapy, whereas groups 3 and 4 could be treated with antimicrobials. Group 4 was fed neomycin and tetracycline HCl in the milk replacer. Fecal samples were collected from calves on days 1, 14, and 28. Three\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates per sample were evaluated for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials. Cluster analysis was used to group isolates having similar susceptibility patterns. Cumulative logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with increasing levels of multiple antimicrobial resistance. In-feed antimicrobials were associated with higher levels of multiple antimicrobial resistance in fecal\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            .f In calves not receiving in-feed antimicrobials, older calves had higher levels of resistance compared to day-old calves. Individual antimicrobial therapy increased resistance in these calves but appeared to be transient. There was no environmental influence on resistance in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            populations among study groups.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02239-05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,2]],"date-time":"2006-06-02T20:36:26Z","timestamp":1149280586000},"page":"3872-3878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Field Trial Evaluating the Influence of Prophylactic and Therapeutic Antimicrobial Administration on Antimicrobial Resistance of Fecal\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            in Dairy Calves"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Anna Catharina B.","family":"Berge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis, Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, 18830 Road 112, Tulare, California 93274"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis, Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, 18830 Road 112, Tulare, California 93274"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Sischo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis, Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, 18830 Road 112, Tulare, California 93274"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agresti A. 2002. Categorical data analysis p. 267-302. John Wiley and Sons New York N.Y.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471249688"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/am.14.2.170-177.1966"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(03)00191-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2005.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72892-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"297","volume":"127","year":"1990","unstructured":"Braidwood, J. C., and N. W. Henry. 1990. Clinical efficacy of chlortetracycline hydrochloride administered in milk replacer to calves. Vet. Rec.127:297-301.","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"137","volume":"37","year":"2003","unstructured":"Constable, P. D. 2003. Use of antimicrobials to prevent calf diarrhea and septicemia. Bov. Pract.37:137-142.","journal-title":"Bov. Pract."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"442","year":"1999","unstructured":"Farmer, J. J., III. 1999. Enterobacteriaceae: introduction and identification, p. 442-459. In P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, and R. H. Yolken (ed.), Manual of clinical microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.","journal-title":"Manual of clinical microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200004273421703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. 2005. Approved animal drug products. 21 CFR 558. [Online.] http:\/\/ecfr.gpoaccess.gov\/cgi\/t\/text\/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=a5d0bbd066eaa2639fc\n."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"7","volume":"65","year":"2002","unstructured":"Goldsmith, R. S., and P. M. Schur. 2002. Use of subtherapeutic antimicrobials in livestock (as supplements or feed additives) with the induction of resistance in human bacterial pathogens, the magnitude and complexity of the problem become increasingly clear. J. Environ. Health65:7-21.","journal-title":"J. Environ. Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200110183451610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400070807"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer D. W. and S. Lemeshow. 2000. Applied logistic regression p. 308-330. John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York N.Y.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.2.752-757.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(77)83995-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2002. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals; approved standard 2nd ed. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Wayne Pa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg483"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76108-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"465","volume":"64","year":"1966","unstructured":"Smith, H. W. 1966. The incidence of infective drug resistance in strains of Escherichia coli isolated from diseased human beings and domestic animals. J. Hyg. (London)64:465-474.","journal-title":"J. Hyg. (London)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.1570"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"77","volume":"27","year":"1975","unstructured":"Wierup, M. 1975. Antimicrobial resistance and transferable antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from Swedish calves 5 and 30 days old. Nord. Vet. Med.27:77-84.","journal-title":"Nord. Vet. 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