{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T01:42:05Z","timestamp":1789868525929,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Resistance to the quaternary ammonium disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (BC) may be an important contributor to the ability of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria<\/jats:named-content>\n                    spp. to persist in the processing plant environment. Although a plasmid-borne disinfectant resistance cassette (\n                    <jats:italic>bcrABC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) has been identified in\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , horizontal transfer of these genes has not been characterized. Nonpathogenic\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria<\/jats:named-content>\n                    spp. such as\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. innocua<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. welshimeri<\/jats:named-content>\n                    are more common than\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    in food processing environments and may contribute to the dissemination of disinfectant resistance genes in listeriae, including\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    . In this study, we investigated conjugative transfer of resistance to BC and to cadmium from nonpathogenic\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria<\/jats:named-content>\n                    spp. to other nonpathogenic listeriae, as well as to\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    . BC-resistant\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. welshimeri<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. innocua<\/jats:named-content>\n                    harboring\n                    <jats:italic>bcrABC<\/jats:italic>\n                    , along with the cadmium resistance determinant\n                    <jats:italic>cadA2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , were able to transfer resistance to other nonpathogenic listeriae as well as to\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    of diverse serotypes, including strains from the 2011 cantaloupe outbreak. Transfer among nonpathogenic\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria<\/jats:named-content>\n                    spp. was noticeably higher at 25\u00b0C than at 37\u00b0C, whereas acquisition of resistance by\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    was equally efficient at 25 and 37\u00b0C. When the nonpathogenic donors were resistant to both BC and cadmium, acquisition of cadmium resistance was an effective surrogate for transfer of resistance to BC, suggesting coselection between these resistance attributes. The results suggest that nonpathogenic\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria<\/jats:named-content>\n                    spp. may behave as reservoirs for disinfectant and heavy metal resistance genes for other listeriae, including the pathogenic species\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02245-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,17]],"date-time":"2012-08-17T22:33:12Z","timestamp":1345242792000},"page":"7549-7556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Coselection of Cadmium and Benzalkonium Chloride Resistance in Conjugative Transfers from Nonpathogenic Listeria spp. to Other Listeriae"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Katharios-Lanwermeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rakic-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Elhanafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ratani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Tiedje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kathariou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-65.12.1888"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2004.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.9.4363-4368.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02799-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"1357","article-title":"Multistate outbreak of listeriosis associated with Jensen Farms cantaloupe\u2014United States, August\u2013September 2011","volume":"60","author":"CDC","year":"2011","unstructured":"CDC. 2011. 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