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The bacteria utilize dietary sugars to build and strengthen biofilms, trapping acids onto the tooth\u2019s surface and causing demineralization and decay of teeth. As knowledge of our body\u2019s microbiomes increases, the need for developing therapeutics targeted to disease-causing bacteria has arisen. The significance of our research is in studying and identifying a novel therapeutic target, a dynamic biofilm matrix that is mediated by a new virulence factor and membrane vesicles. The study increases our understanding of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. mutans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    virulence and also offers a new opportunity to develop effective therapeutics targeting\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. mutans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    . 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