{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:30:11Z","timestamp":1790098211133,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["01KI1313C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI1313C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Antimicrobial resistance through extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and transferable (plasmid-encoded) cephamycinases (pAmpCs) represents an increasing problem in human and veterinary medicine. The presence of ESBL-\/pAmpC-producing commensal enterobacteria in farm animals, such as broiler chickens, is considered one possible source of food contamination and could therefore also be relevant for human colonization. Studies on transmission routes along the broiler production chain showed that 1-day-old hatchlings are already affected. In this study, ESBL-\/pAmpC-positive broiler parent flocks and their corresponding eggs, as well as various environmental and air samples from the hatchery, were analyzed. The eggs were investigated concerning ESBL-\/pAmpC-producing enterobacteria on the outer eggshell surface (before\/after disinfection), the inner eggshell surface, and the egg content. Isolates were analyzed concerning their species, their phylogroup in the case of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n                    strains, the respective resistance genes, and the phenotypical antibiotic resistance. Of the tested eggs, 0.9% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 560) were contaminated on their outer shell surface. Further analyses using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed a relationship of these strains to those isolated from the corresponding parent flocks, which demonstrates a pseudo-vertical transfer of ESBL-\/pAmpC-producing enterobacteria into the hatchery. Resistant enterobacteria were also found in environmental samples from the hatchery, such as dust or surfaces which could pose as a possible contamination source for the hatchlings. All 1-day-old chicks tested negative directly after hatching. The results show a possible entry of ESBL-\/pAmpC-producing enterobacteria from the parent flocks into the hatchery; however, the impact of the hatchery on colonization of the hatchlings seems to be low.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n                    ESBL-\/pAmpC-producing enterobacteria occur frequently in broiler-fattening farms. Recent studies investigated the prevalence and possible transmission route of these bacteria in the broiler production chain. It seemed very likely that the hatcheries play an important role in transmission and\/or contamination events. There are only few data on transmission investigations from a grandparent or parent flock to their offspring. However, reliable data on direct or indirect vertical transmission events in the hatchery are not available. Therefore, we conducted our study and intensively investigated the broiler hatching eggs from ESBL-\/pAmpC-positive broiler parent flocks as well as the hatchlings and the environment of the hatchery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02364-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]],"date-time":"2016-10-21T23:41:21Z","timestamp":1477093281000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase- and Plasmid-Encoded Cephamycinase-Producing Enterobacteria in the Broiler Hatchery as a Potential Mode of Pseudo-Vertical Transmission"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Michaela","family":"Projahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Daehre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Roesler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anika","family":"Friese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2010.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70041-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2014.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03850.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.1998.39.6.520"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.6.2056-2058.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2011.01451.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-14-187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01993-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075392"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.14.93"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2204.151142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1908.120879"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00856-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135402"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2012.0257"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450500179046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00519"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01285-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01738"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/25.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2016.1167837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/84.12.1955"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"116","article-title":"Disinfection of hatching eggs by formaldehyde fumigation\u2013a review","volume":"73","author":"Cadirci S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cadirci S . 2009. 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