{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:18:38Z","timestamp":1791249518562,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            To ascertain whether on animal farms there reside extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmidic class C \u03b2-lactamase-producing\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates potentially pathogenic for humans, phylogenetic analyses, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, serotyping, and virulence genotyping were performed for 86 isolates from poultry (57 isolates) and pig (29 isolates) farms.\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates from poultry farms carried genes encoding enzymes of the CTX-M-9 group as well as CMY-2, whereas those from pig farms mainly carried genes encoding CTX-M-1 enzymes. Poultry and pig isolates differed significantly in their phylogenetic group assignments, with phylogroup A predominating in pig isolates and phylogroup D predominating in avian isolates. Among the 86 farm isolates, 23 (26.7%) carried two or more virulence genes typical of extraintestinal pathogenic\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            (ExPEC). Of these, 20 were isolated from poultry farms and only 3 from pig farms. Ten of the 23 isolates belonged to the classic human ExPEC serotypes O2:H6, O2:HNM, O2:H7, O15:H1, and O25:H4. Despite the high diversity of serotypes and pulsotypes detected among the 86 farm isolates, 13 PFGE clusters were identified. Four of these clusters contained isolates with two or more virulence genes, and two clusters exhibited the classic human ExPEC serotypes O2:HNM (ST10) and O2:H6 (ST115). Although O2:HNM and O2:H6 isolates of human and animal origins differed with respect to their virulence genes and PFGE pulsotypes, the O2:HNM isolates from pigs showed the same sequence type (ST10) as those from humans. The single avian O15:H1 isolate was compared with human clinical isolates of this serotype. Although all were found to belong to phylogroup D and shared the same virulence gene profile, they differed in their sequence types (ST362-avian and ST393-human) and PFGE pulsotypes. Noteworthy was the detection, for the first time, in poultry farms of the clonal groups O25b:H4-ST131-B2, producing CTX-M-9, and O25a-ST648-D, producing CTX-M-32. The virulence genes and PFGE profiles of these two groups were very similar to those of clinical human isolates. While further studies are required to determine the true zoonotic potential of these clonal groups, our results emphasize the zoonotic risk posed especially by poultry farms, but also by pig farms, as reservoirs of ESBL- and CMY-2-encoding\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02421-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,13]],"date-time":"2010-03-13T02:09:25Z","timestamp":1268446165000},"page":"2799-2805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Isolation and Characterization of Potentially Pathogenic Antimicrobial-Resistant\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            Strains from Chicken and Pig Farms in Spain"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Pilar","family":"Corte\u0301s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Gene\u0300tica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valle\u0300s, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Servei d'Ana\u0300lisis i d'Aplicacions Microbiolo\u0300giques, Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valle\u0300s, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Blanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Gene\u0300tica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valle\u0300s, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azucena","family":"Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghizlane","family":"Dahbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesu\u0301s E.","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Lo\u0301pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Andreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Gene\u0300tica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valle\u0300s, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferran","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Gene\u0300tica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valle\u0300s, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari\u0301a Pilar","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Microbioloxi\u0301a Cli\u0301nica, Complexo Hospitalario Xeral-Calde, Dr. 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