{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:41:14Z","timestamp":1773286874063,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Scant attention has been paid to Lyme disease,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , or reservoirs in eastern North Dakota despite the fact that it borders high-risk counties in Minnesota. Recent reports of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. scapularis<\/jats:named-content>\n            in North Dakota, however, prompted a more detailed examination. Spirochetes cultured from the hearts of five rodents trapped in Grand Forks County, ND, were identified as\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi sensu lato<\/jats:named-content>\n            through sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA gene, the 16S rRNA gene-\n            <jats:italic>ileT<\/jats:italic>\n            intergenic spacer region,\n            <jats:italic>flaB<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>ospA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>p66<\/jats:italic>\n            . OspC typing revealed the presence of groups A, B, E, F, L, and I. Two rodents were concurrently carrying multiple OspC types. Multilocus sequence typing suggested the eastern North Dakota strains are most closely related to those found in neighboring regions of the upper Midwest and Canada. BALB\/c mice were infected with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolate M3 (OspC group B) by needle inoculation or tick bite. Tibiotarsal joints and ear pinnae were culture positive, and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            M3 was detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in the tibiotarsal joints, hearts, and ear pinnae of infected mice. Uninfected larval\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. scapularis<\/jats:named-content>\n            ticks were able to acquire\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            M3 from infected mice; M3 was maintained in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. scapularis<\/jats:named-content>\n            during the molt from larva to nymph; and further, M3 was transmitted from infected\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. scapularis<\/jats:named-content>\n            nymphs to naive mice, as evidenced by cultures and qPCR analyses. These results demonstrate that isolate M3 is capable of disseminated infection by both artificial and natural routes of infection. This study confirms the presence of unique (nonclonal) and infectious\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            populations in eastern North Dakota.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02422-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,11]],"date-time":"2014-10-11T02:53:31Z","timestamp":1412996011000},"page":"48-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Western Progression of Lyme Disease: Infectious and Nonclonal\n            <i>Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato<\/i>\n            Populations in Grand Forks County, North Dakota"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Brandee L.","family":"Stone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan M.","family":"Russart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Gaultney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela M.","family":"Floden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jefferson A.","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Brissette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0630"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Lyme disease in Minnesota: Lyme disease areas of highest risk","author":"Minnesota Department of Health","year":"2013","unstructured":"Minnesota Department of Health. 2013. 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