{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:13:33Z","timestamp":1790936013036,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]],"date-time":"2012-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Clostridium botulinum<\/jats:named-content>\n            type A strains are known to be genetically diverse and widespread throughout the world. Genetic diversity studies have focused mainly on strains harboring one type A botulinum toxin gene,\n            <jats:italic>bont\/A1<\/jats:italic>\n            , although all reported\n            <jats:italic>bont\/A<\/jats:italic>\n            gene variants have been associated with botulism cases. Our study provides insight into the genetic diversity of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. botulinum<\/jats:named-content>\n            type A strains, which contain\n            <jats:italic>bont\/A2<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 42) and\n            <jats:italic>bont\/A3<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 4) genes, isolated from diverse samples and geographic origins. Genetic diversity was assessed by using\n            <jats:italic>bont<\/jats:italic>\n            nucleotide sequencing, content analysis of the\n            <jats:italic>bont<\/jats:italic>\n            gene clusters, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Sequences of\n            <jats:italic>bont<\/jats:italic>\n            genes obtained in this study showed 99.9 to 100% identity with other\n            <jats:italic>bont\/A2<\/jats:italic>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>bont\/A3<\/jats:italic>\n            gene sequences available in public databases. The neurotoxin gene clusters of the subtype A2 and A3 strains analyzed in this study were similar in gene content.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. botulinum<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains harboring\n            <jats:italic>bont\/A2<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>bont\/A3<\/jats:italic>\n            genes were divided into six and two MLST profiles, respectively. Four groups of strains shared a similarity of at least 95% by PFGE; the largest group included 21 out of 46 strains. The strains analyzed in this study showed relatively limited genetic diversity using either MLST or PFGE.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02428-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,6]],"date-time":"2012-10-06T06:03:47Z","timestamp":1349503427000},"page":"8712-8718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Genetic Diversity among Clostridium botulinum Strains Harboring\n            <i>bont\/A2<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>bont\/A3<\/i>\n            Genes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Carolina","family":"L\u00faquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian H.","family":"Raphael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavin A.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah R.","family":"Meno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael A.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Maslanka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-10-115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Botulism in the United States 1899\u20131996: handbook for epidemiologists, clinicians, and laboratory workers.","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1998","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1998. Botulism in the United States 1899\u20131996: handbook for epidemiologists, clinicians, and laboratory workers. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00784-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1997.00313.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00799-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.12.7192-7199.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00331.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.2.703-708.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01180-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-7-66"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02828-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.6.2602-2607.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-5-86"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.11.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.3.1148-1154.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1827"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.12.4441-4447.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01009-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.05155-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01539-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.3.1311-1317.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03109-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00260-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.9.5450-5457.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm092"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.02428-12","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.02428-12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T01:31:54Z","timestamp":1645579914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.02428-12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.02428-12"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.02428-12","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-08-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-10-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-11-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}