{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T04:41:16Z","timestamp":1788410476858,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"USDA\/NIFA","award":["2010-51110-21131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010-51110-21131"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            An increase in the prevalence of commensal\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            carrying\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            genes among dairy cattle was observed between 2008 and 2012 in Washington State. To study the molecular epidemiology of this change, we selected 126\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            -positive and 126\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            -negative isolates for determinations of the multilocus sequence types (MLSTs) and antibiotic resistance phenotypes from\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            obtained during a previous study. For 99 isolates, we also determined the\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            alleles using PCR and sequencing and identified the replicon types of\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            -carrying plasmids. The\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            -negative\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates comprised 76 sequence types (STs) compared with 32 STs in\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            -positive\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates. The\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            -positive\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates formed three MLST clonal complexes, accounting for 83% of these isolates; 52% of\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            -negative\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates clustered into 10 clonal complexes, and the remainder were singletons. Overall,\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            -negative\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates had more diverse genotypes that were distinct to farms, whereas\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            -positive\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates had a clonal population structure and were widely disseminated on farms in both regions included in the study. Plasmid replicon types included IncI1 which predominated, followed by IncFIB and IncFIA\/FIB.\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n            was the predominant CTX-M gene allele, followed by\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M-27<\/jats:sub>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub>\n            . There was no significant association between plasmid replicon types and bacterial STs, and neither clonal complexes nor major plasmid groups were associated with two discrete dairy-farming regions of Washington State.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            Infections caused by extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            occur globally and present treatment challenges because of their resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs. Cattle are potential reservoirs of ESBL-producing\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and so understanding the causes of successful dissemination of\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            genes in commensal bacteria will inform future approaches for the prevention of antibiotic-resistant pathogen emergence.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02430-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]],"date-time":"2018-01-05T20:38:12Z","timestamp":1515184692000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology of Dairy Cattle-Associated Escherichia coli Carrying\n            <i>bla<\/i>\n            <sub>CTX-M<\/sub>\n            Genes in Washington State"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Josephine A.","family":"Afema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul G. 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