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Although recent advancements have been made in the genetic manipulation of\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            , there still remains a paucity of basic molecular systems for assessing differential gene expression in this pathogen. Herein, we describe the adaptation of two powerful genetic tools for use in\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            . The first is a\n            <jats:italic>Photinus pyralis<\/jats:italic>\n            firefly luciferase gene reporter that was codon optimized to enhance translation in\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            . Using this modified reporter, we demonstrated an increase in luciferase expression when\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            transformed with a shuttle vector encoding the outer surface protein C (OspC) promoter fused to the luciferase reporter was cultivated in the presence of fresh rabbit blood. The second is a\n            <jats:italic>lac<\/jats:italic>\n            operator\/repressor system that was optimized to achieve the tightest degree of regulation. Using the aforementioned luciferase reporter, we assessed the kinetics and maximal level of isopropyl-\u03b2-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-dependent gene expression. This\n            <jats:italic>lac<\/jats:italic>\n            -inducible expression system also was used to express the gene carried on lp25 required for\n            <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n            orrelial\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            ersistence in\n            <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n            icks (\n            <jats:italic>bptA<\/jats:italic>\n            ). These advancements should be generally applicable for assessing further the regulation of other genes potentially involved in virulence expression by\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02454-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,13]],"date-time":"2007-01-13T01:35:27Z","timestamp":1168652127000},"page":"1501-1513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Adaptation of a Luciferase Gene Reporter and\n            <i>lac<\/i>\n            Expression System to\n            <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Jon S.","family":"Blevins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Revel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra H.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulnaz N.","family":"Bachlani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"Norgard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(90)90601-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03537.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1222-1230.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.4146-4153.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.9.2745-2756.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"521","volume":"57","year":"1984","unstructured":"Barbour, A. 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