{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:21:45Z","timestamp":1785410505236,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008771","name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B-1543081-2024-25-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B-1543081-2024-25-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n The emergence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant bacteria poses a significant human health hazard worldwide. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)\/AmpC \u03b2-lactamase-producing third-generation cephalosporin-resistant\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n in ceftiofur-use and non-use pig farms. A total of 585\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates were collected from pig feces (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 354) and farm environments (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 231) across various farms between 2022 and 2023 in South Korea. Among them, 61% of\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n from pigs and 22.9% from the environment were resistant to ceftiofur, with significantly higher rates in ceftiofur-use farms. The most common ESBL gene detected was\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-55<\/jats:sub>\n (59.9%), followed by\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n (12.3%) and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub>\n (7.4%). Resistance to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials varied, with\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-55<\/jats:sub>\n -carrying\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n showing high resistance. Gene transfer via conjugation was observed, particularly for\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-1<\/jats:sub>\n (85.7%) and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-55<\/jats:sub>\n (46.6%). Of note, seven isolates co-harboring\n mcr-1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-55<\/jats:sub>\n were found in pigs. Replicon type IncFIB (85.3%) was mainly found in\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-55<\/jats:sub>\n -carrying plasmids and IncI1 (91.7%) in\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-1<\/jats:sub>\n . The most frequently observed sequence types were ST457, ST410, ST101, ST75, and ST10, which comprised 38.4% of the isolates. The transposable elements IS\n 26<\/jats:italic>\n -IS\n Ecp1-bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-55<\/jats:sub>\n -\n orf477<\/jats:italic>\n (76%), IS\n Ecp1-bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-55<\/jats:sub>\n -\n orf477<\/jats:italic>\n (22.7%),\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-65<\/jats:sub>\n -IS\n 903<\/jats:italic>\n (50%), and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub>\n -IS\n 903<\/jats:italic>\n (100%) were predominantly detected. This study implies that ceftiofur use, clonal, and horizontal transfer might cause a high prevalence of ESBLs in pig farms. Thus, these findings emphasize the importance of prudent antimicrobial use and biosecurity measures to combat antimicrobial resistance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n \n Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is a growing concern for both humans and animals. Pigs and their farm environment can carry and spread antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Moreover, these resistant bacteria can be transmitted to humans and cause complications in treating infections. In this investigation, we present evidence for the widespread occurrence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)\/AmpC \u03b2-lactamase (AmpC) genes in\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates in ceftiofur-use pigs, which were clonally and horizontally transferred and detected significantly in ceftiofur non-use pigs and their farm environment. Furthermore, we observed different transposable elements, sequence types, and replicon types of\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n that potentially participate in disseminating antimicrobial resistance. Our study will contribute to a better understanding of the emergence and dissemination of ceftiofur-resistant\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n and develop a strategy for preventing its spreading to humans and other animals.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02525-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T13:00:23Z","timestamp":1752584423000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["High prevalence of\n bla<\/i>\n CTX-M-55<\/sub>\n -carrying\n Escherichia coli<\/i>\n in both ceftiofur-use and non-use pig farms"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Ji-In","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04sbe6g90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","place":["Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-Youn","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04sbe6g90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","place":["Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1119-2530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Sekendar","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04sbe6g90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","place":["Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee-Seung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04sbe6g90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","place":["Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hyun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04sbe6g90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","place":["Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0726-5429","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae-Myung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04sbe6g90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","place":["Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Chun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040c17130","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University","place":["Daegu, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7549-9411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suk-Kyung","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04sbe6g90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","place":["Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12846"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0174"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli from clinically healthy pigs and their commercial farm environments","volume":"2","author":"Chikwendu CI","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chikwendu CI, Nwabueze RN, Anyanwu BN. 2008. Antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli from clinically healthy pigs and their commercial farm environments. African J Microbiol Res 2:12\u201317.","journal-title":"African J Microbiol Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.622495"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Zoonoses: infections affecting humans and animals","author":"Ewers C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ewers C. 2023. Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase and AmpC \u03b2-lactamase-producing bacteria in livestock animals, p 1\u201333. In Zoonoses: infections affecting humans and animals. Springer."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138173"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9100678"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03254"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10040406"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11081075"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.629139"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02155-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab451"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2014.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174094"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010366"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-017-6453-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2022.0051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.710747"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7853\/kjvs.2023.46.1.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-0986-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.arba-0009-2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2021.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289829"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1610.10006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12225"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2009.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14030487"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","unstructured":"Jahanbakhsh S. 2016. Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistance in Escherichia coli in pigs on-farm and from clinical cases throughout Quebec Canada during 16 years. Available from: https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/1866\/15962"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2020.40.2.180"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2011.0925"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12061061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10091050"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2936-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2024.102139"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.730012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030632"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817000784"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268822000814"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00088-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/ijtmgh.2022.17"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Park J Shin E Han J Kang W Yoo J Yoo J Roh D-H Kim J. 2023. Spread of extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase-producing pathogenic Escherichia coli clonal complex 10 in the Republic of Korea. Preprints. doi:10.20944\/preprints202308.2095.v1","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202308.2095.v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01136"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-10-372"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.635871"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx397"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-016-0027-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02947-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.780700"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143326"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv485"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-019-0116-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","unstructured":"Al Mir H. 2020. Prevalence and molecular characterization of colistinresistant ESBL-AmpC- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in humans animals and in food chains in Lebanon. Universit\u00e9 de Lyon; Universit\u00e9 Libanaise"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00188"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12101544"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050582"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.5.1520-1525.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","unstructured":"Shawa M. 2015. Risk factors and alleles of extended spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBL) producing Escherichia coli at the university teaching hospital Zambia. University of Zambia. http:\/\/dspace.unza.zm\/handle\/123456789\/4464."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10091099"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56536\/jbahs.v2i.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00774-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30528-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2018.38.6.555"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Twenty-seventh informational supplement, M100-S25","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 2020. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Twenty-seventh informational supplement, M100-S25. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8091434"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02171-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.12.015"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aem.02525-24","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aem.02525-24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T13:02:08Z","timestamp":1755694928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/aem.02525-24"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Arpita","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/aem.02525-24"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.02525-24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02525-24"}}