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Given the critical role of the gut microbiota in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            transmission, a manipulation of the chicken intestinal microenvironment could prevent animal colonization by the pathogen. In\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the global regulator gene\n            <jats:italic>fnr<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:underline>f<\/jats:underline>\n            umarate\n            <jats:underline>n<\/jats:underline>\n            itrate\n            <jats:underline>r<\/jats:underline>\n            eduction) regulates anaerobic metabolism and is essential for adapting to the gut environment. This study tested the hypothesis that an attenuated Fnr mutant of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar Typhimurium (attST) or prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) could improve resistance to wild-type\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            via modifications to the structure of the chicken gut microbiome. Intestinal samples from a total of 273 animals were collected weekly for 9 weeks to evaluate the impact of attST or prebiotic supplementation on microbial species of the cecum, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. We next analyzed changes to the gut microbiome induced by challenging the animals with a wild-type\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar 4,[5],12:r:\u2212 (Nal\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            ) strain and determined the clearance rate of the virulent strain in the treated and control groups. Both GOS and the attenuated\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            strain modified the gut microbiome but elicited alterations of different taxonomic groups. The attST produced significant increases of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Alistipes<\/jats:named-content>\n            and undefined\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:named-content>\n            , while GOS increased\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Christensenellaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Lactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:named-content>\n            . The microbiome structural changes induced by both treatments resulted in a faster clearance after a\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            challenge.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            With an average annual incidence of 13.1 cases\/100,000 individuals, salmonellosis has been deemed a nationally notifiable condition in the United States by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Earlier studies demonstrated that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            is transmitted by a subset of animals (supershedders). The supershedder phenotype can be induced by antibiotics, ascertaining an essential role for the gut microbiota in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            transmission. Consequently, modulation of the gut microbiota and modification of the intestinal microenvironment could assist in preventing animal colonization by the pathogen. Our study demonstrated that a manipulation of the chicken gut microbiota by the administration of an attenuated\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            strain or prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) can promote resistance to\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            colonization via increases of beneficial microorganisms that translate into a less hospitable gut microenvironment.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02526-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T13:38:36Z","timestamp":1513690716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["An Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strain and Galacto-Oligosaccharides Accelerate Clearance of Salmonella Infections in Poultry through Modifications to the Gut Microbiome"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"M. Andrea","family":"Azcarate-Peril","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Butz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Belen","family":"Cadenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North 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